1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2018-05 - 2018-05-18

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 491 (Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid

EC Number:

276-940-2

EC Name:

1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid

Cas Number:

72846-00-5

Molecular formula:

C17H14N2O3

IUPAC Name:

1-benzyl-5-phenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Molecular Formula:
C17H14N2O3
Molecular Weight:
294.31
Characteristics (Physical Appearance):
White powder
CAS No.:
72846-00-5
Batch Number:
170240
Purity:
99.5%

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

Cell line:
SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea) cell line.
Medium:
Minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with
L-glutamine containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Penicillin Streptomycin Solution (1X).
Culture Conditions:
37 ± 1 °C, ~5% CO2, 90 to 100% Humidity.
Cell refreshing Agent:
Dulbecco’ Phosphate Buffer Saline.
Cell Dispersion Agent:
0.25% Trypsin EDTA.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The study was carried out on the SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea) cell line. Three independent experiments, each containing three replicate wells (i.e., n=9) were performed along with concurrent medium, positive and vehicle controls. These concurrent medium, positive and vehicle controls ensured adequate performance of experimental model.
PREPARATION OF THE CELLULAR MONOLAYER
SIRC cells were cultured at 37°C under 5% CO2 and humidified atmosphere in a culture flask containing a culture medium comprising Minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with L-glutamine containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Penicillin Streptomycin Solution (1X). Cells that became confluent in the culture flask were separated using 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) solution. Cells were propagated (e.g. 2 to 3 passages) in a culture flask before being employed for routine testing.
Cells ready to be used for the STE test were prepared at the appropriate density and seeded into 96-well plates at recommended cell seeding density of 6.0 × 103 cells per well for experiment no. 1 and 3.0 × 103 cells per well for experiment no. 2 and 3 at a culture volume of 200 μL. When cells reached at 80% confluence i.e., four days after seeding for experiment no. 1 and five days after seeding for experiment no. 2 and 3, they were treated with samples of test item, vehicle control, medium control and positive control.

Test system

Vehicle:

other: mineral oil

Controls:

yes, concurrent vehicle

yes, concurrent positive control

Amount / concentration applied:

Amount applied: 200 μL
Test item was tested at both 5% and 0.05% concentrations.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

5 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

After exposure, cells were washed twice with 200 μL of PBS and 200 μL of MTT solution (0.5 mg MTT per ml of culture medium) was added. After two-hour reaction time in an incubator (37 ± 1˚C, ~5% CO2 and 90 to 100% humidity), the MTT solution was decanted. MTT formazan was extracted by adding 200 μL of 0.04 N hydrochloric acid-isopropanol for 60 minutes in the dark at room temperature, and the absorbance of the MTT formazan solution was measured at 570 nm with ELISA plate reader.

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3

Details on study design:

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The study was carried out on the SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea) cell line. Three independent experiments, each containing three replicate wells (i.e., n=9) were performed along with concurrent medium, positive and vehicle controls. These concurrent medium, positive and vehicle controls ensured adequate performance of experimental model.
PREPARATION OF THE CELLULAR MONOLAYER
SIRC cells were cultured at 37°C under 5% CO2 and humidified atmosphere in a culture flask containing a culture medium comprising Minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with L-glutamine containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Penicillin Streptomycin Solution (1X). Cells that became confluent in the culture flask were separated using 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) solution. Cells were propagated (e.g. 2 to 3 passages) in a culture flask before being employed for routine testing.
Cells ready to be used for the STE test were prepared at the appropriate density and seeded into 96-well plates at recommended cell seeding density of 6.0 × 103 cells per well for experiment no. 1 and 3.0 × 103 cells per well for experiment no. 2 and 3 at a culture volume of 200 μL. When cells reached at 80% confluence i.e., four days after seeding for experiment no. 1 and five days after seeding for experiment no. 2 and 3, they were treated with samples of test item, vehicle control, medium control and positive control.
APPLICATION OF THE TEST AND CONTROL ITEMS
Test item was suspended uniformly in the mineral oil at 5% (w/v) concentration and further diluted by serial 10-fold dilution to 0.5% then to 0.05% concentration. Test item was tested at both 5% and 0.05% concentrations. Cells cultured in the 96-well plate were exposed to 200 μL/well of either a 5% or a 0.05% concentration of the test item suspension, for five minutes at room temperature. Furthermore, cells were exposed to vehicle control samples in each plate of each experiment.
The Minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used as a medium control.
0.01% Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in normal saline was used as a positive control. In order to calculate cell viability of the positive control, each plate of each experiment was having a saline solvent control.
A blank was used to determine compensation for optical density and was performed on wells containing only phosphate buffered saline without calcium and magnesium but no cells.
CELL VIABILITY MEASUREMENT
After exposure, cells were washed twice with 200 μL of PBS and 200 μL of MTT solution (0.5 mg MTT per ml of culture medium) was added. After two-hour reaction time in an incubator (37 ± 1˚C, ~5% CO2 and 90 to 100% humidity), the MTT solution was decanted. MTT formazan was extracted by adding 200 μL of 0.04 N hydrochloric acid-isopropanol for 60 minutes in the dark at room temperature, and the absorbance of the MTT formazan solution was measured at 570 nm with ELISA plate reader.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Results 1

Irritation parameter:

other: cell viability

Run / experiment:

test item 5%

Value:

51.65

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Results 2

Irritation parameter:

other: cell viability

Run / experiment:

test item 0.05 %

Value:

76.91

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Results 3

Irritation parameter:

other: cell viability

Run / experiment:

positive control

Value:

23.54

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Results 4

Irritation parameter:

other: cell viability

Run / experiment:

solvent control

Value:

90.64

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

other: no prediction can be made

Conclusions:

'Short Time Exposure In-Vitro Study Using SIRC Cell Line for Identification of Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage of 1-Benzyl-5-Phenylbarbituric acid (BPBA)' was carried out in compliance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, No. 491 - Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage, adopted by the council on 09 October 2017 and as per mutually agreed Study Plan.
Under the given experimental conditions of 'Short Time Exposure In-Vitro Study Using SIRC Cell Line for Identification of Serious Eye Damage of 1-Benzyl-5-Phenylbarbituric acid (BPBA)' (OECD Guideline No. 491)', it is concluded that this test method has successfully classified the test item into ‘No prediction can be made’ category as per the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonised System (GHS) for classification of chemicals.

Executive summary:

'Short Time Exposure In-Vitro Study Using SIRC Cell Line for Identification of Serious Eye Damage by 1-Benzyl-5-Phenylbarbituric acid (BPBA)' was carried out in compliance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, No. 491 - Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage, adopted by the council on 09 October 2017 and as per mutually agreed Study Plan.

1-Benzyl-5-Phenylbarbituric acid (BPBA) was evaluated for its irritancy potential based on its ability to induce cytotoxicity in Short Time Exposure (STE) Test method. The cytotoxic effect of test item on corneal epithelial cells is an important mode of action (MOA) leading to corneal epithelium damage and eye irritation.

After extraction from cells, cell viability in the STE test method is assessed by the quantitative measurement of blue formazan salt produced by the living cells. It is due to enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide), also known as Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide. The obtained cell viability is compared to the solvent control (relative viability) and used to estimate the potential eye hazard of test item.

The relative cell viability of each solvent control, medium control and test item expressed as a percentage.

Optical density of the medium control was found to be 0.47 which was higher than 0.3.

The relative cell viability obtained for solvent control (mineral oil) was 90.64%, which was greater than 80% relative to medium control.

The relative cell viability obtained for 0.01% sodium lauryl sulfate (Positive control) was 23.54%, i.e. between 21.1% and 62.3% according to laboratory historical data established by the method developer.

Standard deviations of the final cell viability derived from three experiments were 3.17 and 5.38 for both 5% and 0.05% concentrations of test item respectively, which is less than 15%.

Cell viability in both the concentrations i.e. 5% and 0.05% was 51.65% and 76.91% respectively, , which was less than 70% for 5% test concentration and greater than 70% for 0.05% test concentration.

Under the given experimental conditions of this study, it is concluded that the test item is considered to fall under ‘No prediction can be made’ category of UN GHS classification.