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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 February 2018 - 07 January 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Purity: >95% (This substance has an Unknown or Variable composition, is a Complex reaction product, or a Biological material (UVCB))
Description: Amber liquid - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the start of the test (0 hours) and at media renewal at 24 hours, 10 mL samples of freshly prepared test media were taken from the control and the test media preparation vessel for chemical analysis. At 24 and 48 hours, 10 mL samples were also taken for chemical analysis from the pooled expired test media from the test and control groups. In each case duplicate samples were taken, one for chemical analysis and one as a ‘back-up’ should further analysis be required.
Concentrations of the test material were determined by diluting aqueous samples with acetonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid, then diluting further with Elendt M4 medium: acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid as required to bring the response within the calibration range. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test material is a chemical substance of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products and Biological Materials (UVCB) with variable water solubility and as such falls into the category of a “difficult substance” as defined by the OECD Guidance Document (OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 23 (2000); Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures). Based on the recommendations of this guidance, the test substance was prepared as Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs).
At the start of the test, and media renewal at 24 hours, ca 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg of test material were each separately weighed onto a glass slide and placed in 1000 mL of Elendt M4 medium. The preparations were stirred for ca 23 hours at a rate such that a slight dimple was formed at the surface. After the stirring period, the preparations were allowed to settle for ca 1 hour after which the aqueous phase was removed by careful mid-depth siphoning to give the 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF solutions. A control group was prepared in Elendt M4 medium in the same manner without the addition of test material.
The test preparations were observed to be colourless solutions throughout the duration of the test. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Test organism: Juvenile Daphnia magna (Straus), less than 24 hours old
- Source: Parental laboratory cultures, held and maintained at the test facility (culture was initiated from ephippia obtained from MicroBio Tests Inc., Belgium)
- Age of parental stock: Less than 24 hours old
- Food type: Cultures fed daily with a concentrated suspension of Chlorella vulgaris
- Feeding during test: None - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- other: Elendt M4 medium
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Not specified.
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 2 ºC
- pH:
- 7.80 - 8.20
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.55 - 9.69 mg/L (93-103% air saturation value, ASV)
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The nominal concentrations tested were 0 (control), 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL (nominal) glass, tall form beakers covered with clear lids
- Test solution volume: 50 mL (nominal)
- Aeration: Not aerated during the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): Not applicable
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4 medium prepared from trace element stock solutions and reverse-osmosis (RO) water in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 202.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At the start of the test (0 hours) and at media renewal at 24 hours, 10 mL samples of freshly prepared test media were taken from the control and the test media preparation vessel for chemical analysis.
At 24 and 48 hours, 10 mL samples were also taken for chemical analysis from the pooled expired test media from the test and control groups.
In each case duplicate samples were taken, one for chemical analysis and one as a ‘back-up’ should further analysis be required.
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light : 8-hour dark
- Light intensity: Not specified
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
After 24 and 48 hours, the Daphnia magna in each test vessel were observed for evidence of immobility. The EL50 values, no observed effect loading rate (NOEL) and the lowest observed effect loading rate (LOEL) at 24 and 48 hours were determined, if possible. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- / loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- / loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- / loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- / loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A positive control study was conducted to determine the 48-hour acute toxicity of the reference substance, potassium dichromate, on the freshwater planktonic crustacean, Daphnia magna. The 48-hour EC50 values for mobility was determined by linear interpolation to be 1.366 mg/L. The 48-hour NOEC value was determined to be 1.0 mg/L. These results were within the expected toxicity range (48-hour EC50: 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L) for this reference substance and all validity criteria were met.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis was not performed as no biologically significant immobilisation was observed during the test. The EL50, no observed effect loading rate (NOEL) and the lowest observed effect loading rate (LOEL) were estimated empirically.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The validity criteria for control immobility (≤10%) and dissolved oxygen (≥3 mg/L) were both satisfied.
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna was investigated under semi-static conditions and the 48-hour EL50 value was determined to be >100 mg/L and the No Observed Effect Loading rate (NOEL) was determined to be 100 mg/L, based on loading rate WAF.
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to determine the 48-hour acute toxicity of the test substance Daphnia magna.
The study was conducted in accordance with the requirements of OECD Chemicals Testing Guideline No. 202, Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test (adopted April 13 2004).
The test material is a chemical substance of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products and Biological Materials (UVCB) with low water solubility and as such falls into the category of a “difficult substance” as defined by the OECD Guidance Document (OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 23 (2000); Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures). Based on the recommendations of this guidance, the test substance was prepared as Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs).
Based on the results of a range-finding test, for which only the key findings have been reported, the definitive test was conducted at nominal loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L using semi-static test conditions. A concurrent control group was also included.
At the start of the test, five juvenileDaphnia magnawere added to each test vessel. TheDaphnia magnain each test vessel were observed at 24 and 48 hours. The Daphnia magnawere not fed during the test.
Samples of test media were analysed at0 (fresh media), 24 (old and fresh media) and 48 hours (old media).Concentrations of the test material were determined by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-TQMS) system, using theimidazoline-Tconstituent as an analytical marker for quantification.
Analytical results from the 1.0 to 32 mg/L loading rates were variable and did not follow a concentration dependent pattern. The preparations were prepared individually as WAFs and not as serial dilutions from a single preparation. Although measures were undertaken to ensure the same preparation methods were employed for all loading rates, small variations in, e.g. stirring speed, may have occurred.
Analysis of the freshly prepared media at 0 and 24 hours from the 100 mg/L loading rate resulted in measured concentrations of 0.323 and 0.291 mg/L, respectively. Analysis of the corresponding old media at 24 and 48 hours resulted in measured concentrations of 0.0951 and 0.0845 mg/L, respectively.
Given that the test material is acomplex UVCBsubstance and analytical monitoring was limited to theimidazoline-Tfraction of the test material, the effect concentrations were based on nominal loading rates.
The acute toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna was investigated under semi-static conditions and the 48-hour EL50 value was determined to be >100 mg/L and the No Observed Effect Loading rate (NOEL) was determined to be 100 mg/L, based on loading rate WAF.
Reference
Analytical results from the 1.0 to 32 mg/L loading rates were variable and did not follow a concentration dependent pattern. The test solutions were prepared individually as WAFs and not as serial dilutions from a single preparation. Whilst every effort is undertaken to ensure preparation methods were the same for all loading rates, small variations in, e.g. stirring speed, may have occurred.
Analysis of the freshly prepared media at 0 and 24 hours from the 100 mg/L loading rate showed measured concentrations, based on the analytical marker, of 0.323 and 0.291 mg/L, respectively. Analysis of the corresponding old media at 24 and 48 hours showed measured concentrations, based on the analytical marker, of 0.0951 and 0.0845 mg/L, respectively.
The numbers of immobilised Daphnia magna following exposure to the test substance for 24 and 48 hours are presented below:
summarised below.
Nominal loading rate (mg/L) |
Number of |
% |
% |
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
* Single immobilised daphnid not considered not to be biologically significant given that <10% immobilisation observed and no immobilisation observed at the two higher loading rates
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna was investigated under semi-static conditions and the 48-hour EL50 value was determined to be >100 mg/L and the No Observed Effect Loading rate (NOEL) was determined to be 100 mg/L, based on loading rate WAF.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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