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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Endpoint summary
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
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- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test item is not considered to be irritating to skin (reference 7.3.1-1).
The test item is not considered to be irritation to eye (reference 7.3.2-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-08-16 to 2017-08-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2012
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- July 28, 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Skinethic skin irritation test -42bis Standard operating procedure (SOP) 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Cell source:
- other: not specified
- Justification for test system used:
- The reconstructed human epidermis model in vitro method is an accepted in vitro method to replace animal testing. The human skin RHE™ model closely mimics the biochemical and physiological properties of the upper parts of the human skin, i.e the epidermis, and has been validated by the ECVAM in 2008.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Remarks:
- 10 µL deionised water were spread in epidermis surface before test item application to improve contact of test item and epidermis.
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: SkinEthic™ RHE-model RHE/S/17 from Episkin/SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France
- Tissue batch number: 17-RHE-086
- Production date: not specified
- Shipping date: not specified
- Delivery date: 2017-08-15
- Date of initiation of testing: 2017-08-16
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: room temperature
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation: 37 °C
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: minimum of 25 mL DPBS were used for rinsing
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: not specified
- Modifications to validated SOP: no
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1 mg/mL
- Incubation time: treatment: 3 h +/- 5 min, extraction: 2 h +/- 5 min
- Spectrophotometer: ELx800, BioTek Instruments GmbH, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany
- Wavelength: 570 nm
- Filter: not specified
- Filter bandwidth: not specified
- Linear OD range of spectrophotometer: not specified
FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability: OD > 0.7
- Barrier function: 4.0 h <= ET50 <= 10.0 h
- Morphology: Number of cell layers 4. Absence of significant histological abnormalities. Well differentiated epidermis consisting of basal, spinous, granular layers and a stratum corneum.
- Contamination: not specified
- Reproducibility: not specified
CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE
The test item was no MTT reducer, thus, no controls were used.
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: 1
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA (choose relevant statement)
- The test substance is considered to be corrosive or irritant to skin if the mean tissue viability is less or equal to 50 %.
- The test substance is considered to be non-corrosive and non-irritant to skin if the mean tissue viability is greater than 50 %. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL: 16 +/- 2 mg of solid test material
NEGATIVE CONTROL: 16 +/- 0.5 µL (Dulbecco`s Phosphate-Buffered Saline)
POSITIVE CONTROL: 16 +/- 0.5 µL (5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate in deionised water) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 42 min (± 1 minute)
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- 42 hours (± 1 hour)
- Number of replicates:
- 3
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- mean
- Value:
- 98.2
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- The test item was applied neat to the tissues
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- - OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: no
- Direct-MTT reduction: The pre-test for direct MTT-reducing capacity of the test item did not result in blue color, i.e. the test item is not a direct MTT reducer.
- Colour interference with MTT: In the pre-test medium coloration by the test item was observed, but no tissues were stained during the study. Therefore, no additional tissues for color control were treated and the test item caused no colour interferences.
DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY: No direct information provided. However, laboratory has established a historical database for the study.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
Please refer to “Any other information on results”. - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test item is not considered to possess an irritant potential to skin.
- Executive summary:
A study according to OECD TG 439 was conducted to investigate the potential of the test item to induce skin irritation in an in vitro human skin model. The test item was applied topically to a human reconstructed skin model followed by determination of the cell viability. Cell viability was determined by enzymatic conversion of vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt and measurement of the formazan salt after extraction from tissues. The percent reduction of cell viability in comparison to untreated negative controls was used to predict the skin irritation potential. Triplicates of the human skin RHE-model were treated with the test item, the negative or the positive control for 42 minutes (± 1 minute). 16 µL of either the negative control (DPBS-buffer) or the positive control (5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate) were applied to the tissues. Before application of 16 mg of the solid test item, 10 µL of deionised water was spread to the epidermis surface to improve the contact between the test item and the epidermis. All acceptability criteria after treatment with the negative control (DPBS-buffer) and the positive control (5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate) were met. Following treatment with the test item, the tissue viability was 98.2 % and, thus, higher than 50 %, i.e. according to OECD 439 the test item is considered as non-irritant to skin (UN GHS: No Category). Under the conditions of the present study, the test item is not considered to possess an irritant potential to skin.
Reference
Group | Tissue 1 | Tissue 2 | Tissue 3 | Mean | SD | ||||
OD | Viability [%] | OD | Viability [%] | OD | Viability [%] | OD | Viability [%] | Viability [%] | |
Negative Control | 2.127 | 105.3 | 1.930 | 95.6 | 2.001 | 99.1 | 2.019 | 100.0 | 4.9 |
Positive Control | 0.021 | 1.0 | 0.019 | 0.9 | 0.022 | 1.1 | 0.021 | 1.0 | 100 |
Test item | 1.946 | 96.4 | 2.003 | 99.2 | 1.996 | 98.9 | 1.982 | 98.2 | 1.5 |
Acceptability of the Quality Control Data of the Skin Model with Reference to Historical Batch Data:
| Acceptance Criterion | Result |
Negative control OD | ≥ 0.8 and ≤ 3.0 | 1.930 to 2.127 |
Acceptability of the Positive and Negative Control stated by Episkin/SkinEthic Laboratories:
| Acceptance Criterion | Result |
Mean OD negative control | ≥ 1.2 | 2.019 |
Mean viability positive control | < 40 % | 1.0 % |
SD of group-mean value |
≤ 18 % | 10.0 % (positive control) 4.9 % (negative control) |
Acceptability of the Positive and Negative Control based on Historical Data of the Testing Laboratory:
| Acceptance Criterion | Result |
Mean OD negative control | ≥ 1.463 | 2.019 |
Mean viability positive control | ≤ 2.98 % | 1.0 % |
Test Item Data Acceptance Criteria:
| Acceptance Criterion | Result |
SD of group-mean value | ≤ 18 % | 1.5 % |
The study met all acceptance criteria.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-11-10
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- 2017-10-09
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)
- Version / remarks:
- 2017-02-14
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Odenwaldschlachthof Brensbach, 64395 Brensbach, Germany
- Number of animals:
- Characteristics of donor animals: age: 15 - 29 months, cornea diameter: 24 – 26 mm
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Freshly isolated bovine eyes of cattle were collected from the slaughterhouse. Excess tissue was removed from the eyes. The eyes were kept and transported in transport medium cooled on ice.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Corneas were prepared immediately after delivery of the eyes to the laboratory, testing started on the day of collection
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g. scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
- Indication of any antibiotics used: Streptomycin and Penicillin were added in transport medium (5 mL/ 500 mL HBBS).
- Selection and preparation of corneas: The corneas were carefully removed from the eyes but a rim of about 2 mm of tissue (sclera) was left for stability and handling of the isolated cornea. All corneas used in the experiment were collected in incubation medium (EMEM, pre-warmed at 32 +/- 1 °C). Each cornea was mounted in a cornea holder with the endothelial side against the sealing ring (O -ring) of the posterior part of the holder. The anterior part of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea. Both compartments of the holder were filled with incubation medium (EMEM). The posterior compartment was filled first to return the cornea to its natural convex form. For equilibration, the corneas in the holder were incubated (incubator: Grumbach BSS 160) in a vertical position at 32 ± 1 °C for about one hour. At the end of the incubation period, the incubation medium (EMEM) was removed from both compartments and replaced by fresh incubation medium (EMEM).
- Quality check of the isolated corneas: The baseline opacity was determined with an opacitometer (BASF-OP2.0). The opacitometer measured the light transmission passing through the corneas and displayed a lux value. This value is converted into an opacity value. Three corneas were selected as negative control corneas. The remaining corneas were distributed into treatment and positive control groups. - Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL: 750 µL (i.e. 150mg/750µL), The test item was prepared as a 20 % (w/v) suspension in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. The stability in the vehicle was not investigated. The test item preparation was administered within <1 hour after preparation.
NEGATIVE / VEHICLE CONTROL: 750 µL, 0.9 % sodium chloride solution
POSITIVE CONTROL: 750 µL, Imidazole was dissolved with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution to a concentration of 20 % (w/v). - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 240 minutes
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- Incubation with fluorescein solution: 90 min
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 replicates in all groups
- Details on study design:
- TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber / open chamber, not specified
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: 3
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: The opacity was determined with an opacitometer (BASF-OP2.0). The change in opacity was calculated by subtracting the initial baseline opacity from the post treatment opacity. In addition, the opacity values of treatment and positive control groups were corrected for the man negative control opacity value.
- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of spectrophotometry (BioTek ELx800) at 490 nm (OD490)
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
DECISION CRITERIA: according to TG - Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- Run 1 / Experiment 1
- Value:
- 0.1
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: No observations (e.g. tissue peeling, residual test chemical, non-uniform opacity patterns) were seen in a visually inspection of the corneas after treatment.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: After treatment with the negative control (0.9 % sodium chloride solution) the calculated IVIS was 0.7 and, thus, within three standard deviations of the current historical mean of the negative control (IVIS: -1.5 – 3.2).
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: After treatment with the positive control (20 % Imidazole) the calculated IVIS was 114.6 and, thus, within two standard deviations of the current historical mean of the positive control (IVIS: 81.5 – 132.9). - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test item did not show an eye hazard potential.
- Executive summary:
A study according to OECD TG 437 was conducted to examine the potential of the test item to induce serious eye damage in the BCOP assay. The BCOP assay with isolated fresh bovine corneas is an accepted in vitro model for ocular hazard assessment. To determine the eye hazard potential the induced opacity and increased permeability was investigated in isolated bovine corneas after exposure to the test item as a 20 % (w/v) suspension in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. As negative control 0.9 % sodium chloride solution and as positive control 20 % (w/v) Imidazole was used. Three corneas were used per group (negative control, positive control or test item group). After a first opacity measurement of the untreated bovine corneas, 750 µL of the suspended test item, positive or negative control were applied on the corneas and incubated for 240 minutes. After the incubation phase the test item, the positive, and the negative control were rinsed from the corneas and the opacity was measured again. After the opacity measurements, the permeability of the corneas was determined by application of a fluorescein solution for 90 minutes. The amount of fluorescein solution that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically. The opacity and permeability assessments were combined to determine an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). After treatment with the negative control the calculated IVIS was 0.7 (study acceptance criteria range: -1.5 – 3.2). Treatment with the positive control revealed an IVIS of 114.6 (study acceptance criteria range: 81.5 – 132.9). Therefore, the study fulfilled the acceptance criteria. The IVIS obtained after treatment with the test item was 0.1 and, thus, lower than 3, i.e.according to OECD 437 the test item is not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage (UN GHS: No Category). Under the conditions of the present study, the test item did not show an eye hazard potential.
Reference
Opacity | Permeability | IVIS | ||||
per cornea | per group (mean value) | SD | ||||
Negative control | 0.9 % NaCl Solution | 1.5 | -0.003 | 1.455 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
0.2 | -0.003 | 0.155 | ||||
0.6 | -0.003 | 0.555 | ||||
Positive control | 20 % Imidazole solution | 81.5 | 2.182 | 114.230 | 114.6 | 3.7 |
67.8 | 2.884 | 111.060 | ||||
66.5 | 3.549 | 118.385 | ||||
Test item | Test item | 1.7 | 0.002 | 1.730 | 0.1 | 1.5 |
-1.0 | 0.042 | -0.370 | ||||
-1.2 | 0.004 | -1.140 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation
A study according to OECD TG 439 was conducted to investigate the potential of the test item to induce skin irritation in an in vitro human skin model. The test item was applied topically to a human reconstructed skin model followed by determination of the cell viability. Cell viability was determined by enzymatic conversion of vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt and measurement of the formazan salt after extraction from tissues. The percent reduction of cell viability in comparison to untreated negative controls was used to predict the skin irritation potential. Triplicates of the human skin RHE-model were treated with the test item, the negative or the positive control for 42 minutes (± 1 minute). 16 µL of either the negative control (DPBS-buffer) or the positive control (5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate) were applied to the tissues. Before application of 16 mg of the solid test item, 10 µL of deionised water was spread to the epidermis surface to improve the contact between the test item and the epidermis. All acceptability criteria after treatment with the negative control (DPBS-buffer) and the positive control (5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate) were met. Following treatment with the test item, the tissue viability was 98.2 % and, thus, higher than 50 %, i.e. according to OECD 439 the test item is considered as non-irritant to skin (UN GHS: No Category). Under the conditions of the present study, the test item is not considered to possess an irritant potential to skin.
Eye irritation
A study according to OECD TG 437 was conducted to examine the potential of the test item to induce serious eye damage in the BCOP assay. The BCOP assay with isolated fresh bovine corneas is an accepted in vitro model for ocular hazard assessment. To determine the eye hazard potential the induced opacity and increased permeability was investigated in isolated bovine corneas after exposure to the test item as a 20 % (w/v) suspension in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. As negative control 0.9 % sodium chloride solution and as positive control 20 % (w/v) Imidazole was used. Three corneas were used per group (negative control, positive control or test item group). After a first opacity measurement of the untreated bovine corneas, 750 µL of the suspended test item, positive or negative control were applied on the corneas and incubated for 240 minutes. After the incubation phase the test item, the positive, and the negative control were rinsed from the corneas and the opacity was measured again. After the opacity measurements, the permeability of the corneas was determined by application of a fluorescein solution for 90 minutes. The amount of fluorescein solution that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically. The opacity and permeability assessments were combined to determine an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). After treatment with the negative control the calculated IVIS was 0.7 (study acceptance criteria range: -1.5 – 3.2). Treatment with the positive control revealed an IVIS of 114.6 (study acceptance criteria range: 81.5 – 132.9). Therefore, the study fulfilled the acceptance criteria. The IVIS obtained after treatment with the test item was 0.1 and, thus, lower than 3, i.e.according to OECD 437 the test item is not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage (UN GHS: No Category). Under the conditions of the present study, the test item did not show an eye hazard potential.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Based on available data on skin irritation/corrosion, the test item does not require classification for causing skin irritation or corrosion according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Based on available data on eye irritation/corrosion, the test item does not require classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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