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EC number: 264-731-9 | CAS number: 64216-15-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Neonates (< 24 h) of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna were exposed to calcium in form of CaCl2, CaSO4 and a mixture thereof (3.8/1; v/v). For C. dubia, the 48 h - EC50 (mobility) values of 660.2, >561.7 and 988.3 mg Ca/L, respectively, were far above the OECD test limit of 100 mg/L. For D. magna, the 48 h - EC50 (mobility) values correspond to 999.3, >579.4 and 955.9 mg Ca/L, respectively (Mount 1997), and are also above the OECD test limit. In European stream water, the median background concentration of calcium amounts to 40 mg Ca/L (Salminen et al. 2005). Since calcium is an important macronutrient for invertebrates, all aquatic test media contain calcium (added in form of salts such as calcium sulfate) moreover calcium contributes to the required water hardness. The acute toxicity test with D. magna according to OECD 202 uses Elendt medium and reconstituted water (ISO 6341-1982), which contain 293.8 mg CaCl2*2 H2O/L (corresponding to 80 mg Ca/L) and the water hardness should range from 140 to 250 mg CaCO3/L (corresponding to 56 – 100 mg Ca/L).
Pillard et al. 2000 investigated the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on saltwater species Mysidopsis bahia and determined a 48 h - LC50 of 1100 mg Ca/L. An acute 96 h - LC50 of 158 mg Ca(OH)2/L (nominal) to sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa was reported by Locke et al. 2009. However, the latter LC50 should be evaluated with caution since a steep pH increase (pH at LC50 = 9.70) and not the calcium ions may have been responsible for the observed effect. Calcium concentrations (~ 400 mg Ca/L, Sverdrup et al. 1942) of natural sea water are typically above the LC50 -value from Locke et al. 2009, indicating that the observed mortality was not due to elevated calcium concentrations.
In sum, calcium as an essential element has a very low potential for acute toxicity to freshwater and saltwater invertebrates.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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