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EC number: 701-249-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Study Initiation Date:October 2, 1996 Study Completion Date: January 15, 1997. In life dates November 15-17 1996.
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study following GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: This definitive test used a dilution water control and the WAF of five concentrations of the test material: 130, 220, 360, 600, and 1,000 mg/L.
- Sampling method: Samples were collected in duplicate from the control and the highest and lowest test concentrations prior to distribution to test vessels and from each of the two control replicates and the two replicates of the highest and lowest test concentrations at the end of the test.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Prior to use the test substance was stored at room temperature. - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Each of the five WAFs was prepared by combining the appropriate amount of test substance and dilution water in a mixing vessel equipped with a small magnetic stirrer (the vortex extended from the surface approximately 25% of the way to the bottom of the mixing vessel), stirring these mixtures for approximately 20 hours, settling the mixtures for approximately four hours, and siphoning the water phase containing the WAF. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test species: Juvenile daphnids less than 24-hours old were produced from laboratory in-house culture.
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house culture, the original parental culture was procured from Aquatic Research Organisms, Hampton, New Hampshire on October 11, 1996
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24 hours old
- Feeding during test: Daphnids were not fed during the test.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: During the 14 day period before the start of the test the culture temperature was 19.0 to 20.9°C and the dissolved oxygen concentration was always at least 7.3 mg/L. A subsample of daphnids from this culture produced at least 3 young/female/day during the seven day period preceding the definitive toxicity test.
- Type and amount of food: Daphnid cultures were supplied with the freshwater alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, and a yeast/trout chow mixture daily throughout the acclimation period.
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality was observed during the 48 hours preceding the start of the toxicity test. During acclimation daphnids were not treated for disease and they were free of apparent sickness, injuries, and abnormalities at the beginning of the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Water used for the test had a hardness of 160-164 mg/L as CaCO3 and an alkalinity of 122 mg/L as CaCO3, and it contained <0.01 mg/L residual chlorine.
- Test temperature:
- 20.1 - 21.0 deg C
- pH:
- 7.4 - 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.4 - 8.5 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 130, 220, 360, 600, & 1,000 mg/L WAF loading rates
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): loosely covered
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: containing 250 ml of test solution
- Aeration: Aeration was not required to maintain acceptable dissolved oxygen concentrations.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Water used for acclimation of test organisms and for all toxicity testing was deionized tap water collected at Marblehead, Massachusetts. Water was adjusted to a hardness of 160 to 180 mg/L as CaC03 and a pH of <8 with hydrochloric acid. Water was stored in 500-gallon polyethylene tanks where it was aerated and continuously passed through a particle filter, ultraviolet sterilizer, and activated carbon. Water used for the definitive test had a hardness of 160 to 164 mg/L and an alkalinity of 122 mg/L as CaCO3, and it contained less than 0.01 mg/L residual chlorine.
- Conductivity: 600 umhos/cm.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the dilution water was adjusted to <8 with hydrochloric acid to assure that the pH was acceptable for daphnid survival.
- Photoperiod: A 16 hour light and 8 hour dark photoperiod was automatically maintained with cool-white fluorescent lights
- Light intensity: ~6 µEin/m2sec
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
The number of surviving organisms and the presence of sublethal effects was determined visually and recorded initially and after 3, 24, and 48 hours.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study:
A range-finding test was conducted from October 29 to 31, 1996 with a dilution water control and the WAF of three concentrations of the test material: 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/L. The range-finding test was conducted with a single replicate of each concentration, each containing ten organisms. No insoluble material was observed during the test. At the end of the test there was 100% survival in the control and at 10 and 100 mg/L, and 0% survival at 1,000 mg/L.
- Test concentrations: 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Observations on body length and weight: At the conclusion of the test the control daphnids had an average wet weight of 0.19 mg (loading rate = 7.6 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results of the toxicity tests could not be interpreted by standard statistical techniques (Stephan, 1983) because at least 90% survival occurred in all tested concentrations. The no observed effect concentration is the highest concentration of test substance that allowed at least 90% survival of exposed organisms and did not cause sublethal effects.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 24 and 48-h EL50s (stated “EC50s” in report) >1,000 mg/L loading rate. The 24 and 48-h NOELR (stated as “NOECs” in report) = 1000 mg/L based on WAF loading rates.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of five mixtures of the test material and water to the daphnid, Daphnia magna, was investigated during a study conducted at T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. in accordance with OED guideline 202 under conditions of GLP. The test, which was designed to determine the toxicity of the test substance, was performed from November 13 to 15, 1996.
The test was performed at 20 ± 1°C under static conditions with a control and five nominal concentrations of test substance (130, 220, 360, 600, and 1,000 rng/L). The dilution water was carbon filtered deionized water collected at Marblehead, Massachusetts and adjusted to a hardness of 160 to 164 mg/L as CaCO3 and a pH of <8.0. Water quality was within acceptable limits throughout the test and no insoluble material was noted during the test. Juvenile daphnids (less than 24 hours old) produced by an in-house culture that was maintained at test conditions were used to initiate the test.
Exposure of daphnids, Daphnia magna, to the WAFs resulted in a 48 hour median effective concentration (EC50) greater than 1,000 mg/L (the highest tested concentration), based on nominal concentrations. The 48 hour no observed effect concentration (NOEC) is 1,000 mg/L, based on nominal concentrations.
The 24 and 48-h EL50s (stated “EC50s” in report) >1,000 mg/L loading rate. The 24 and 48-h NOELR (stated as “NOECs” in report) = 1000 mg/L based on WAF loading rates.
Test results reported in original study as “effect concentrations” (EC) are reported in this summary as “effective loading” (EL), because test results are based on WAF loading rates and not measured concentrations. Similarly, the “no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in the report is presented as “no observed effect loading rate” (NOELR) in this summary.
Reference
Nominal concentrations: the 24 and 48-h EL50s (stated “EC50s” in report) >1,000 mg/L loading rate. The 24 and 48-h NOELR (stated as “NOECs” in report) = 1000 mg/L based on WAF loading rates.
Test Findings: 100% survival in the controls through 48 hours. At 24 hours, one dead or immobilized organism was noted for both 130 mg/L treatments and one of the 600 mg/L treatments. No additional immobilization or mortality was noted at 48 hours. Therefore, survival in all treatments was >90%.
Test results reported in original study as “effect concentrations” (EC) are reported in this summary as “effective loading” (EL), because test results are based on WAF loading rates and not measured concentrations. Similarly, the “no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in the report is presented as “no observed effect loading rate” (NOELR) in this summary.
Significant immobilization observed in preliminary tests at 1000 mg/L was likely due to insoluble material in the test vessels due to improper WAF preparation. WAF preparation for the final test did not exhibit insoluble material, and immobilization was not observed.
Description of key information
In the key study (Ward, 1997), the acute toxicity of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test material to the daphnid, Daphnia magna, was conducted according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). The results were 48h EL50 > 1,000 mg/L and a NOELR = 1,000 mg/L. The reliability rating for this study is 1, according to the criteria of Klimisch, 1997 and was chosen as the key study as it was the most recent study and is the most consistent with the results from the alkyl phenate sulfide category. Specifically, the supporting study (Ward, 1993) also had an LL50 > 1000 mg/L but a NOELR of 100 mg/L due to immobilization observed at doses of 300 and 1,000 mg/L. However, multiple category members, including EC 272-388-1 and EC 701-251-5, which bracket the registered substance, both had NOELRs of 1,000 mg/L. Therefore, the immobilization in the Ward (1993) study may have been due to insoluble test material. Regardless, all studies demonstrate that EC 701-249-4 does not require hazard classification for aquatic toxicity.Regarding the study conducted under marine conditions (Douglas M.T. and Sewell I.G., 1988 study (HRC report number: CMA 2(1)/88925), it was considered to be unreliable. During the conduction of the study, the test solution is considered to have been improperly prepared in that test material was added to solution in amount that was far in excess of water solubility. Furthermore, the test substance formed a very poor dispersion in the water column and adhered to the mesh screens around the propeller shield and a small number of globules of the test substance were observed circulating in the water. As such the study has been assigned a reliability rating of 3, according to the criteria of Klimisch, 1997.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
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