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EC number: 402-150-6 | CAS number: 118578-11-3 C.I. REACTIVE RED 231
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Remarks:
- lemna
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 November to 01 December 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EC C.26
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the content of the test item in the test solution was analytically determined.
For elimination of any plant parts before analytical determination, samples were filtered through PFTE syringe filters. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- Strain: Lemna minor
- Source: Laboratory culture obtained from Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) Berlin in February 2017
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 days in Steinberg medium
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: none
- colonies kept as a permanent culture under conditions comparable to the test conditions - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- 22.5 – 23.8 °C
- pH:
- at start: 5.6 ; at study end: 6.9-7.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 1.4, 4.5, 14, 45 and 141 mg/L (0, 1,3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L as a.i.)
measured (geometric mean): 0, not calculable, 3.1, 11.8, 46.6 and 135.9 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:glass beaker of 250 mL
- Type: closed with watch glass
- Fiill volume: 150 mL
- Aeration: no
- Agitation: no
- No. of colonies per vessel: 4
- No. of fronds per colony: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, Steinberg medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: Steinberg medium according to the guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity: 7000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of frond number: manual counting on day 0, 3, 6 and 7
- Determination of biomass: dry weight on day 0 and 7
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0 and 141 mg/L (nominal)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 55% toxicity at 141 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 135.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 135.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- EyC50
- Effect conc.:
- 98.13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- EyC50
- Effect conc.:
- 74.09 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 11.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 11.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- All fronds look healthy and normal at day 7
Parameter Validity criteria Observed value Assessment
Doubling time of frond number in days Less than 2.5 1.9 Valid
Increase factor of fronds at least 7 13.4 Valid
Average specific growth rate per day at least 0.275 0.370 Valid
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Biological Results of C6H4Cl2O based on frond numbers
Parameter Value 95% confidence interval
7d ErC50 (frond number) 3.21 mg/L 2.6 – 3.9 mg/L
7d EyC50 (frond number) 2.21 mg/L 1.9 – 2.7 mg/L
Biological Results of C6H4Cl2O based on dry mass
Parameter Value 95% confidence interval
7d ErC50 (dry mass) 2.62 mg/L n.d.
7d EyC50 (dry mass) 2.49 mg/L n.d.
n.d. not determinable due to mathematical reasons or inappropriate data - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The ErC50 of the substance is > 135.9 mg/L (100 mg/L nominal a.i.). The NOEC is 11.8 mg/L (14 mg/L nominal a.i.)
- Executive summary:
A study with Lemna minor was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 141 mg/L ( (1.3 -100 mg/L as a.i.) The measured concentrations are (geometric mean): ND, 3.1, 11.8, 46.6 and 135.9 mg/L. Incubation time was 7 days. Significant inhibition of plant growth was observed in the 2 highest concentrations. All validity criteria were fulfilled. The ErC50 of the substance is > 135.9 mg/L (>100 mg/L nominal a.i.). The NOEC is 11.8 mg/L (14 mg/L nominal a.i.) based on measured concentrations.
Reference
Frond numbers at the end of the test (initial 12)
Nominal Concentration |
Mean Frond Number |
CV of Frond Number |
||
mg/L |
3 d |
6 d |
7 d |
7 d |
Blank control |
33.7 |
115.7 |
161.0 |
9.40% |
1.4 |
36.0 |
111.0 |
180.0 |
23.50% |
4.5 |
35.0 |
120.3 |
193.7 |
20.03% |
14 |
34.3 |
115.3 |
192.7 |
12.46% |
45 |
33.3 |
91.7 |
122.3 |
15.60% |
141 |
25.7 |
60.0 |
86.0 |
19.14% |
CV = Coefficient of variation
Inhibition Values based on frond number
Nominal concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition (frond number) |
|
Growth Rate (0 - 7d) |
Yield (0 - 7d) |
|
Blank control |
0 |
0 |
4.5 |
-6.7 |
-21.9 |
14 |
-6.8 |
-21.3 |
45 |
10.8 |
26.0 |
141 |
24.6 |
50.3 |
Negative inhibition values indicate a stimulation of plant growth compared to the blank control.
Dry Mass at the end of the test (initial 1.4 mg)
Nominal Concentration |
Replicate |
Dry Mass in mg |
Mean Dry Mass in mg |
CV of Dry Mass |
mg/L |
7 d |
7 d |
7 d |
|
Blank control |
a |
25.5 |
26.7 |
9.45 % |
b |
29.6 |
|||
c |
25.0 |
|||
1.4 |
a |
21.0 |
23.8 |
25.46 % |
b |
30.8 |
|||
c |
19.7 |
|||
4.5 |
a |
27.3 |
25.2 |
15.58 % |
b |
27.7 |
|||
c |
20.7 |
|||
14 |
a |
23.4 |
24.8 |
10.84 % |
b |
27.9 |
|||
c |
23.1 |
|||
45 |
a |
14.3 |
14.9 |
12.28 % |
b |
17.0 |
|||
c |
13.5 |
|||
141 |
a |
12.6 |
11.6 |
11.93 % |
b |
12.1 |
|||
c |
10.0 |
CV = Coefficient of variation
Inhibition Values based on dry mass
Nominal concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition (dry mass) |
|
Growth Rate (0 - 7d) |
Yield (0 - 7d) |
|
Blank control |
0 |
0 |
4.5 |
2.1 |
5.8 |
14 |
2.5 |
7.5 |
45 |
19.8 |
46.5 |
141 |
28.5 |
59.8 |
Description of key information
A study with Lemna minor was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 141 mg/L ( (1.3 -100 mg/L as a.i.) The measured concentrations are (geometric mean): ND, 3.1, 11.8, 46.6 and 135.9 mg/L. Incubation time was 7 days. Significant inhibition of plant growth was observed in the 2 highest concentrations. All validity criteria were fulfilled. The ErC50 of the substance is > 135.9 mg/L (>100 mg/L nominal a.i.). The NOEC is 11.8 mg/L (14 mg/L nominal a.i.) based on measured concentrations (Laus 2018).
In a study according to OECD 219 Lemna gibba fronds were exposed to a formulation of the substance at 0.01, 1, 50 and 100 mg/L during 7 days. Effects on growth rate, biomass and yield were reported at all concentrations above 1 mg/L. No toxic symptoms and change in appearance of the fronds were observed. Based on active ingredient the EC50 is ≥ 35 mg/L and the NOEC for growth rate is 1 mg/L. The publication contains only limited information and it is not clear whether other components of the formulation may have influenced this result (Darsana 2015).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 14 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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