Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 288-470-5 | CAS number: 85736-59-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2006
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The substance naphthenic acids, bismuth salts is manufactured from bismuth oxide/hydroxide and 3 equivalents of naphthenic acids, resulting in the bismuth tri-naphthenate. Inorganic components such as bismuth cations are not expected to adsorb to organic matter and thus, the concept of adsorption/desorption to organic matter is only applicable to the anionic moiety of the substance, i.e. the naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids have been investigated for adsorption to soil, and thus these data are used for assessing the adsorption behaviour of the organic moiety of the substance.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
The source compound naphthenic acids is the starting material for the manufacturing of naphthenic acids, bismuth salts. Naphthenic acids do contain mainly hydrocarbon acids with a carbon range from 10 - 15 (other naphthenic acids may have wider ranges), with a variable number of cyclics contained (n = 0, 1, 2 and rarely 3). To a minor extent also aliphatics may be present as "impurities".
The naphthenic acids are reacted in a slight excess of >3 equivalents of naphthenic acids with bismuth oxide to derive naphthenic acids, bismuth salts with a slight excess of naphthenic acids, the target substance. Thus, the starting compound for the synthesis of the target compound is actually the source substance. Whereas the bismuth oxide used has a purity of 99% by weight typically, the naphthenic acids, being a UVCB-type substance, are of 100% purity, by definition.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Not applicable, as the source substance fully characterizes the organic moiety of the target substance, which is the corresponding bismuth salt. The target substance is expected to slowly hydrolyse to insoluble bismuth hydroxide, altering to bismuth oxide in biota, whereas the organic parts (the source substance) upon hydrolysis potentially may be adsorbed to organic matter as shown by the data on the source substance.
4. DATA MATRIX
The source substance was assessed for sorption to soil with 2.7 and 1.6% organic carbon. Also, samples of two different ionic strength were assessed. The results indicate that naphthenic acids in the carbon number range of 13 to 17 do sorb preferentially. Thus, higher naphthenic acids with lower ionic strength do sorb to soil less than lower naphthenic acids with higher ionic strength. Soils with higher organic content appeared to cause higher levels of sorption.
The target compound was analysed for the carbon distribution and found being mainly in the range of C10 – C15 with small amounts of higher carbon numbers present that were not quantified. Thus, the chain length distribution of the target compound is well represented by the range of the source carbon chain distribution. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 121 (Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC))
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 1.9 dimensionless
- pH:
- 8
- Temp.:
- 4 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.7
- Remarks on result:
- other: low ionic strength components
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 17.8 dimensionless
- pH:
- 8
- Temp.:
- 4 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.7
- Remarks on result:
- other: high ionic strength components
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 1.3 dimensionless
- pH:
- 8
- Temp.:
- 4 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.6
- Remarks on result:
- other: low ionic strength components
- Type:
- Kd
- Value:
- 3.7 dimensionless
- pH:
- 8
- Temp.:
- 4 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.6
- Remarks on result:
- other: high ionic strength components
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Naphthenic acids obtained from oil sands tailings pond water (OSTPW) as a concentrate were observed to undergo rapid sorption to the soils tested. The Kd values determined ranged from 1.3 mL/g in Milli-Q water to 17.8 mL/g in synthetic groundwater. Selective sorption of naphthenic acids was observed, with components in the carbon number range of approximately 13 to 17 being adsorbed more readily than others. Soils with higher organic content appeared to cause higher levels of sorption. Similar results may be expected for naphthenic acid moieties resulting from hydrolysis of naphthenic acids, bismuth salts.
- Executive summary:
Naphthenic acids obtained from OSTPW as a concentrate were observed to undergo rapid sorption to the soils tested. The values of Kd ranged from 1.3 mL/g in Milli-Q water to 17.8 mL/g in synthetic groundwater. The results also indicate that compounds in the Z = 0 to Z = -12 families in the carbon number range of 13 to 17 appear to sorb preferentially. This could have implications to the toxicity and transport in water, since different naphthenic acids are known to have varying degrees of toxicity. In the presence of synthetic groundwater (SGW), the adsorption coefficient (Kd) of the mixture of naphthenic acids on soil 1 with a higher organic carbon fraction (Foc) was an order of magnitude higher than that observed with the same soil and the Milli-Q water mixture, increasing from 1.9 ±0.2 mL/g to 17.8 ±1.5 mL/g. The adsorption coefficient of the mixture of naphthenic acids on soil 2, with a lower Foc, was also observably higher in the SGW mixture, increasing from 1.3 ±0.15 mL/g to 3.7 ±0.2 mL/g.
Reference
Description of key information
Naphthenic acids obtained from OSTPW as a concentrate were observed to undergo rapid sorption to the soils tested. The values of Kd ranged from 1.3 mL/g in Milli-Q water to 17.8 mL/g in synthetic groundwater. The results also indicate that compounds in the Z = 0 to Z =-12 families in the carbon number range of 13 to 17 appear to sorb preferentially. In the presence of synthetic groundwater(SGW), the adsorption coefficient (Kd) of the mixture of naphthenic acids on soil 1 with a higher organic carbon fraction (Foc) was an order of magnitude higher than that observed with the same soil and the Milli-Q water mixture, increasing from 1.9 ±0.2 mL/g to 17.8 ±1.5 mL/g. The adsorption coefficient of the mixture of naphthenic acids on soil 2, with a lower Foc, was also observably higher in the SGW mixture, increasing from 1.3 ±0.15 mL/g to 3.7 ±0.2 mL/g. The worst-case value found was Kd 17.8 at 2.7% org. carbon in soil (Koc = Kd * 100/% org. carbon = 659). This result is also used for hazard and risk assessment of naphthenic acids, bismuth salts, considering that the organic moieties of source and target substance are widely the same.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 659
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.