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EC number: 211-854-0 | CAS number: 701-35-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 Sep - 02 Oct 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Prior to test solution preparation, a dosing stock solution was prepared by mixing 1.52 mL of trichloro(phenyl)silane (corresponding to 2 g) with 2 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) using Hamilton syringes. The solution was shaken by hand. A 100 mg test item/L stock solution was prepared prior to test initiation by adding 176 μL of the dosing stock solution to 800 mL algal medium using a Hamilton syringe. Prior to addition of the dosing stock solution, the measurement flask containing the algal medium was placed on a magnetic stirrer. The spiked solution was stirred continuously over night. The pH of the solution was then adjusted to 7.0 with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Thereafter, the stock solution was further diluted to a final volume of 1000 mL with algal medium, resulting in a solvent (THF) concentration of 0.10 mL/L. Nominal test concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L were prepared by dilution of the stock solution and addition of THF to a final concentration of 0.1 mL/L. All resulting test solutions were shaken by hand for 30 seconds and observed to be clear and colourless, with no visible undissolved test item. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The alga was originally obtained from Albrecht-v.-Haller-Institut, Göttingen, Germany, and was maintained in stock culture at Springborn Smithers Laboratories (Europe).
- Culture medium: The culture medium used was a synthetic algal assay growth medium (OECD, 2006), prepared by adding appropriate amounts of nutrient stock solutions to sterile, deionized water. Representative samples of the dilution water source used in the preparation of the culture medium were analyzed periodically for the presence of pesticides, PCBs and toxic metals conducted at Bachema, Schlieren, and Interlabor Belp AG, Belp, Switzerland. None of these compounds have been detected at concentrations that are considered toxic to algae in any of the water samples analyzed in agreement with ASTM guidelines.
- Preparation of starter culture: Four days prior to test start, the culture was maintained within the following conditions: a shaking rate of 120 rpm, a temperature of 23ºC and continuous illumination of 7091 to 7123 lux. Lighting was supplied by fluorescent bulbs. Culture flasks were shaken
continuously on an orbital shaker. Temperature was controlled using an environmental chamber. The inoculum used to initiate the toxicity test was taken from a stock culture that had been transferred to fresh medium four days before testing. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23.4 to 23.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.30 to 7.65 at test initiation
6.08 to 9.86 at end of test - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: 0 (Control), 0 (Solvent control), 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg test item/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessels: Three sterile 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks (A to C) for the controls and the treatment levels were prepared. An aliquot of 100 mL of the appropriate test solution was placed in each replicate flask. All test vessels were fitted with stainless steel caps which permitted gas exchange.
- Inoculum: An aliquot of 0.25 mL of the preculture of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, at a density of 394 x 10^4 cells/mL, was then inoculated aseptically in each 250 mL volumetric flask. The resulting slight dilution from the inoculum was considered to be negligible. These volumes of inocula provided the required cell density of 1.0 x 10^4 cells/mL.
- Algal growth medium: The algal medium used to prepare the exposure solutions was the same as the culture medium. The medium was equilibrated to test temperature. The pH of the medium was 8.03.
- Test conditions: The test was conducted in a temperature-controlled room to maintain the test conditions specified in the study plan: a temperature of 24 ± 2 °C and continuous light intensity of 4400 to 8800 lux. An orbital shaker table provided a shaking rate of 100 rpm. Test flasks were randomly placed on the shaker table at test initiation. Following each observation interval the test flasks were assigned new random positions.
- Algal growth measurement: At each subsequent 24-hour interval, cell counts were conducted on each replicate vessel of the treatment levels and the control using a hemocytometer (Neubauer Improved) and a Leica DMLS microscope. One sample was removed from each flask for counting. One or more hemocytometer field(s), each 0.1 cm x 0.1 cm in size and 0.01 cm deep, containing 0.0001 mL of culture, were examined for each sample until at least 400 cells or a total of four fields were counted. Observations of the health of the algal cells were also made at each 24-hour interval.
- Monitoring culture conditions: Temperature was measured continuously with a minimum/maximum thermometer located in a flask of water adjacent to the test flasks in the environmental chamber. Minimum and maximum temperatures and the shaking rate of the orbital shakers (Gerhardt, 450625 R05) were recorded daily. Light intensity was measured with a Pancontrol LX 1308 at hour 0 and at each 24-hour interval during the exposure period. The pH of the test solutions and control was measured at test initiation and at the termination of the 72-hour exposure period. Test solution pH was measured using a Metrohm 691 pH-meter. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Definitive EC50 values could not be determined because they were above the highest treatment level.
ANOVA and William’s Test were used to determine the NOEC and LOEC values - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An 72 hour EC50 value of >100 mg/L and a NOEC of ≥100 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate and biomass of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (OECD 201).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the attached justification below and the overall justification for grouping of substances attached in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Test results
Nominal test concentration (mg/L) | Initial cell density (cells/mL) | Mean cell density after 24 hours (cell/mL) | Mean cell density after 48 hours (cell/mL) | Mean cell density after 72 hours (cell/mL) | Perecntage inhibition in cell density* | Percentage inhibition in growth rate* | Percentage inhibition in biomass* |
0 (Control) | 10000 | 48000 | 247000 | 1070000 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 9.0 |
0 (Solvent control) | 10000 | 59000 | 228000 | 1180000 | - | - | - |
6.25 | 10000 | 65000 | 279000 | 1240000 | -5.3 | -1.9 | -5.4 |
12.5 | 10000 | 49000 | 254000 | 1140000 | 2.7 | -0.03 | 2.7 |
25.0 | 10000 | 43000 | 240000 | 1050000 | 10.5 | 1.9 | 10.6 |
50.0 | 10000 | 33000 | 203000 | 1030000 | 12.6 | 2.0 | 12.7 |
100 | 10000 | 45000 | 248000 | 1030000 | 12.1 | 2.2 | 12.2 |
*Relative to solvent control. A negative (-) value indicates that growth was higher than in the solvent control.
Description of key information
EC50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L and NOEC (72 h) ≥ 100 mg/L (nominal, OECD 201, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) based on read across from CAS 98-13-5
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Data on the toxicity of trichloro(4-methylphenyl)silane (CAS 701-35-9) towards algae are not available. Therefore in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5 “Grouping of substances and read across” and in accordance with the read across assessment framework (RAAF, ECHA 2017) a read across from the analogue substance trichloro(phenyl)silane (CAS 98-13-5) has been performed. Details on the read across justification can be found in the attached justification in the respective target entry and in the overall justification for grouping of substances attached in IUCLID Section 13.
The study with the analogue substance trichloro(phenyl)silane (CAS 98-13-5) has been performed according to the OECD guideline 201 and GLP standards (2009). A stock solution of the tested item was prepared with tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. The stock solution was stirred overnight. Afterwards, the nominal test item concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L were prepared by diluting of the stock solution. The final concentration of the solvent in the test concentrations was 0.1 mg/L. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed for 72 h to the mentioned test item concentrations. A control and a solvent control were run in parallel. No analytical monitoring was performed, however analytical results from the toxicity study with aquatic invertebrates showed that hydrolysis takes place immediately and the silanol hydrolysis product remains then stable in the test medium during the experiment. No toxic effects on the growth rate of algae were observed. Therefore the ErC50 (72 h) was > 100 mg/L and the NOErC (72 h) ≥ 100 mg/L. Since the substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 1 min at pH 4-9 and 1.5 °C), the tested organism was exposed predominantly to the hydrolysis products.
On the basis of the read across data, no toxic effects towards algae are expected by trichloro(4-methylphenyl)silane (CAS 701-35-9).
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