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EC number: 936-118-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-01-10 to 2018-04-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted on March 23, 2006; Annex 5 corrected: July 28, 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266 of 7 December 2015 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- The test item concentration in the reconstituted water had low water solubility (<0.011 mg/L), thus, the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- reconstituted water
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock preparation with a test item concentration of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared. For that purpose, the test item was weighed in a calibrated flask and vehicle was added. The preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours. Then the formulation was passed through a filter membrane (pore size: 0.2 µm). The filtrate was used for the study. The pH value was not adjusted. - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular green algae
- Strain: 61.81 SAG
- Source: „Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen“, Germany.
- Method of cultivation: The permanent algae cultures, the pre-culture and the algae cultures of the study were cultivated in an air-conditioned room with a water temperature of 21.0 – 24.0 °C, controlled at ± 2 °C. For cultivation, 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 100 mL algae suspension were covered with air permeable stoppers. The cultures were shaken continuously at about 120 rpm and lit between 4440 and 8880 Lux. Fluorescent tubes installed above the flasks served for lighting.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 72-h
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- -
- Hardness:
- 24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
- Test temperature:
- 24.4 to 25.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.90 to 8.92
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100.0 mg/L
No measured concentration. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 mL Erlenmeyer glass flasks filled with 100 mL cell suspension
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10 000 cells per mL
- Control end cells density: 1 756 338 cells per mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water according to OECD TG 201
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: The mean light intensities were 7544 Lux ± 2.8 % and 7298 Lux ± 2.6 % prior to and at the end of the exposure period, respectively.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Nominal test concentration: 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L ( (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L ( (limit of water solubility))
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: >0.011 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
- Details on results:
- No significant effect on growth of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.
The EC values exceeded the water solubility of <0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The test item (Potassium dichromate) showed 72h EC50 of 0.91 mg/L for growth rate and 0.48 mg/L for yield. The EC50 for growth rate and yield obtained in this study are in the range of ± two standard deviation of the current historical means.
Therefore, this study confirms the sensitivity and reliability of the test system used in the test facility. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.
The 72h EC50, EC20 and EC10 for growth rate and yield were >0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and thus, could not be determined in this study. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item on the growth and growth rate of the green algae of the unicellular green alga,Pseudokirchneriella subcapitataduring exposure period of 72 hours was estimated in a method according to OECD 201 under GLP. For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures ofPseudokirchneriella subcapitatawere exposed to a nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L. The study comprised of one control group and one test item group with six replicates each. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10 000 cells/mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group. The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (<0.011 mg/L), the test item cannot be detected with standard analytical methods and the development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex. Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification. No significant effect on growth rate and yield of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility. Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae. The 72h EC50, EC20 and EC10for growth rate and yield were >0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and thus, could not be determined in this study
Reference
Table 1: Algal Growth Measurement - Algal biomass (cell number) after 24, 48 and 72 hour exposure
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Biomass of algae (Cell number per mL*) |
||||
Control |
|
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
1.0000 |
6.5340 |
30.5460 |
167.6043 |
||
1.0000 |
6.1713 |
38.6757 |
210.6063 |
||
1.0000 |
5.2920 |
28.4724 |
139.7943 |
||
1.0000 |
5.3910 |
34.5627 |
171.3303 |
||
1.0000 |
5.5746 |
31.7034 |
151.6023 |
||
1.0000 |
5.8896 |
38.3994 |
212.8653 |
||
Mean |
1.0000 |
5.8087 |
33.7266 |
175.6338 |
|
SD |
0.00000 |
0.48173 |
4.21530 |
30.18024 |
|
CV |
0.0 |
8.3 |
12.5 |
17.2 |
|
100.0 |
|
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
1.0000 |
5.0094 |
30.0780 |
176.1480 |
||
1.0000 |
5.1507 |
31.0743 |
185.2560 |
||
1.0000 |
5.9517 |
36.5220 |
192.9510 |
||
1.0000 |
5.6520 |
34.6680 |
187.5780 |
||
1.0000 |
5.2884 |
31.7376 |
182.8710 |
||
1.0000 |
5.5557 |
34.0740 |
186.9570 |
||
Mean |
1.0000 |
5.4347 |
33.0257 |
185.2935 |
|
SD |
0.00000 |
0.34988 |
2.45668 |
5.58809 |
|
CV |
0.0 |
6.4 |
7.4 |
3.0 |
*Cell number divided by factor 10000
Table 2: Yield after 24, 48 and 72 hour exposure
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Yield |
||||
Control |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
5.5340 |
29.5460 |
166.6043 |
|||
5.1713 |
37.6757 |
209.6063 |
|||
4.2920 |
27.4724 |
138.7943 |
|||
4.3910 |
33.5627 |
170.3303 |
|||
4.5746 |
30.7034 |
150.6023 |
|||
4.8896 |
37.3994 |
211.8653 |
|||
Mean |
4.8087 |
32.7266 |
174.6338 |
||
SD |
0.48173 |
4.21530 |
30.18024 |
||
CV |
10.0 |
12.9 |
17.3 |
||
100.0 |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
4.0094 |
29.0780 |
175.1480 |
|||
4.1507 |
30.0743 |
184.2560 |
|||
4.9517 |
35.5220 |
191.9510 |
|||
4.6520 |
33.6680 |
186.5780 |
|||
4.2884 |
30.7376 |
181.8710 |
|||
4.5557 |
33.0740 |
185.9570 |
|||
Mean |
4.4346 |
32.0257 |
184.2935 |
||
SD |
0.34988 |
2.45668 |
5.58809 |
||
CV |
7.9 |
7.7 |
3.0 |
Table 3: Mean specific growth rate after 24, 48 and 72 hour exposure
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Mean specific growth rate |
|||
Control |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
1.877 |
1.710 |
1.707 |
||
1.820 |
1.828 |
1.783 |
||
1.666 |
1.674 |
1.647 |
||
1.685 |
1.771 |
1.715 |
||
1.718 |
1.728 |
1.674 |
||
1.773 |
1.824 |
1.787 |
||
Mean |
1.757 |
1.756 |
1.719 |
|
SD |
0.0820 |
0.0625 |
0.0569 |
|
CV |
4.7 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
|
100.0 |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
1.611 |
1.702 |
1.724 |
||
1.639 |
1.718 |
1.741 |
||
1.784 |
1.799 |
1.754 |
||
1.732 |
1.773 |
1.745 |
||
1.666 |
1.729 |
1.736 |
||
1.715 |
1.764 |
1.744 |
||
Mean |
1.691 |
1.747 |
1.741 |
|
SD |
0.0641 |
0.0371 |
0.0101 |
|
CV |
3.8 |
2.1 |
0.6 |
Table 4: EC-Values
Parameter (0-72h) |
Growth rate |
Yield |
EC10 95% confidence interval |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
EC20 95% confidence interval |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
EC50 95% confidence interval |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
>0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) n.d. |
Description of key information
Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.
The 72h EC50, EC20 and EC10for growth rate and yield were >0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and thus, could not be determined in this study. (reference 6.1.5-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item on the growth and growth rate of the green algae of the unicellular green alga,Pseudokirchneriella subcapitataduring exposure period of 72 hours was estimated in a method according to OECD 201 under GLP. For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures ofPseudokirchneriella subcapitatawere exposed to a nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L. The study comprised of one control group and one test item group with six replicates each. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10 000 cells/mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group. The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (<0.011 mg/L), the test item cannot be detected with standard analytical methods and the development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex. Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification. No significant effect on growth rate and yield of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility. Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae. The 72h EC50, EC20 and EC10for growth rate and yield were >0.011 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and thus, could not be determined in this study
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