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EC number: 275-604-2 | CAS number: 71550-24-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Remarks:
- lemna
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 01 December 2017 to 22 January 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical samples were taken at 0 hours (initial value) from fresh test solutions, after 3 and 5 days from fresh and aged test solutions and after 7 days from aged test solutions from all test concentrations and control. For each sampling also a retain sample was taken.
All samples were stored deep frozen until they were transferred to the analytical laboratory. The samples were thawed to ambient temperature, mixed with 10 mL acetonitrile and shaken well using a Vortex-Mixer. The samples were then diluted with acetonitrile/test medium (1:1, v/v) prior to analysis by HPLC-MS/MS. - Vehicle:
- no
- Remarks:
- dissolved in test medium
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution was prepared in test medium and further diluted to achieve the required concentrations
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duck weed
- Strain: Lemna gibba G3 (Alismatales: Araceae)
- Source: inhouse clone from primary culture by Dr. Janet Slovin, Horticulture Crops Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture. BARC-West, Bldg. 050 HH-4, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.
- Method of cultivation: cultured in appropriate glass beakers under continuous illumination with OSRAM light tubes (L30/32-930 and L30/W72-965), at 6500 - 10000 lux. The temperature was 24 ± 2 °C.
Before the test was started, plants were cultured under the same illumination and temperature conditions as those to be used for the toxicity test. Young, light-green plants of similar size and comprising 2 - 4 fronds were transferred onto fresh medium and cultured for 7-10 days prior to testing, with two further transfers onto fresh medium before initiating the test.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 23.4 – 23.7 °C (measured in separate vessel held under the same conditions as the test vessels)
- pH:
- fresh solutions: 7.27 – 7.59
aged solutions: 8.70-9.29 (at 100 mg/L 7.44-7.99) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 0.298, 0.954, 3.05, 9.77, 31.3 and 100 mg/L
Measured (fresh): 97-106% of nominal
Measure (aged):- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL screw cap bottles each containing ~150 mL test medium
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: on day 3 and 5
- No. of fronds per colony: 4
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM:no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: 20xAAP test medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuously
- Light intensity and quality: T8-fluorescent tubes, length 900 mm, LT30W/865 daylight; 7391 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: manual counting
- Determination of biomass: dry weight on day 7 (for t=0 based on 6X12 fronds from the culture); dried at 60°C for about 72 hours
- Determination of frond area: no
- Other: plant development, frond size, necrosis and additional observations
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.100, 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: inhibition of yield at 1.00 mg/L and above; inhibition of growth rate 100 mg/L
Shortened roots, yellow fronds, smaller and singularized fronds were observed at 100 mg/L and at 10 mg/L gibbosity of fronds was reported- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.298 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.05 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 36.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 76.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield and growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 53.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 69.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on growth rate
- Details on results:
- On day 3 shortened roots, gibbosity, brown and singularized fronds were observed at 100 mg/L.
On day 5 shortened roots, yellow fronds and small fronds were observed at concentrations of 31.3 and 100 mg/L. Additionally at concentrations of 31.3 mg/L gibbosity were found. At 100 mg/L fronds were singularized.
On day 7 the same observations were done as on day 5. Additionally at concentrations of 31.3 mg/L fronds were singularized.
The measured initial concentration of the substance ranged from 87 % to 106 % of nominal with a mean initial concentration of 95 % of nominal. As the pH of the test solutions (except at 100 mg/L) increases due to growth of the plants to approximately pH 9 and above, hydrolysis can be expected, which is more or less “confirmed” by the absence of an effect on pH and thus on test substance concentration in the solutions at 100 mg/L, where growth and yield are most strongly reduced. Therefore toxicological endpoints were evaluated using nominal concentrations of the test item.
See attached document.- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50 growth rate 3,5-dichlorophenol = 6.78 mg/L (frond numbers), 4.63 mg/L (dry weight)
Frond numbers: mean values
Mean of frond numbers
Days
Yield based on mean frond numbers
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
0
3
5
7
7-0
Control
12
43
91
145
133
0.298
12
47
103
169
157
0.954
12
40
89
133
121*
3.05
12
39
88
136
124
9.77
12
39
88
118
106*
31.3
12
37
71
105
93*
100
12
18
26
28
16*
*Statistically significant different to the controls
Frond numbers: inhibition of yield
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
Inhibition [%]
7-0 days
Control
0.0
0.298
-18.01)
0.954
9.0
3.05
6.8
9.77
20.3
31.3
30.1
100
88.0
1)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Frond numbers: mean growth rates
Days
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
3
5
7
Mean growth rate µ [d-1]
Control
0.4275
0.4047
0.3561
0.298
0.4527
0.4305
0.3781
0.954
0.3982
0.4013
0.3440
3.05
0.3957
0.3975
0.3471
9.77
0.3896
0.3985
0.3264*
31.3
0.3720
0.3545
0.3096*
100
0.1348
0.1568
0.1224*
* Statistically significant different to the controls
Frond numbers: inhibition of growth rates
Days
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
3
5
7
Inhibition growth rate [%]
Control
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.298
-5.9
-6.4
-6.21)
0.954
6.9
0.8
3.4
3.05
7.4
1.8
2.5
9.77
8.9
1.5
8.3
31.3
13.0
12.4
13.1
100
68.5
61.3
65.6
1)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Frond numbers: mean doubling times (Td)
Days
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
3
5
7
7
Td[days]
Td[hours]
Control
1.621
1.713
1.946
46.7
0.298
1.531
1.610
1.833
44.0
0.954
1.741
1.727
2.015
48.4
3.05
1.752
1.744
1.997
47.9
9.77
1.779
1.739
2.124
51.0
31.3
1.863
1.955
2.239
53.7
100
5.142
4.421
5.663
135.9
Dry weight: mean values
Mean dry weight
[g]Yield based on mean dry weight [g]
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
Days
0
7
7-0
Control
0.0027
0.0152
0.0125
0.298
0.0195
0.0168
0.954
0.0145
0.0118
3.05
0.0157
0.0130
9.77
0.0145
0.0118
31.3
0.0143
0.0116
100
0.0042
0.0015*
* Statistically significant different to the controls
Dry weight: inhibition of yield
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
Inhibition [%]
7-0 days
Control
0
0.298
-34.41)
0.954
5.61)
3.05
-4.02)
9.77
5.6
31.3
7.2
100
88.0
1)Value was omitted for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
2)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Dry weight: mean growth rate and inhibition of growth rate
Day 7
Nominal conc.
[mg/L]
Mean growth rate µ [d-1]
Inhibition
Growth rate [%]Control
0.2470
0.0
0.298
0.2822
-14.31)
0.954
0.2397
3.01)
3.05
0.2517
-1.92)
9.77
0.2398
2.9
31.3
0.2376
3.8
100
0.0628
74.6*
1)Value was omitted for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
2)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
* Statistically significant different to the control
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 based on growth rate is 69.8 mg/L based on biomass, The NOEC based on growth rate is 3.05 mg/L based on frond numbers
- Executive summary:
In a study with a semi-static design (renewal on day 3 and 5) the vegative growth of Lemna gibba G3 was observed for a test period of 7 days by measuring the increase of frond numbers and dry weight. Lemna was exposed at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.298, 0.954, 3.05, 9.77, 31.3 and 100 mg/L (initial measured concentrations were within 87 % to 106 % of nominal, but due to a increase of the pH during the test the concentrations in the aged solutions were very low due to some hydrolysis of the substance).
Significant inhibitory effects were determined for yield of frond numbers at test item concentrations of 0.954 mg/L (nominal) and above. For growth rate of frond numbers significant inhibitory effects were determined at 9.77 mg/L (nominal) and above. For yield of dry weight and growth rate of dry weight significant inhibitory effects weredetermined at 100mg/L (nominal) and above. The overall LOEC was therefore determined to be 0.954 mg/L (nominal), the corresponding NOEC was set at 0.298 mg/L (nominal).
The EC50-value for yield of frond numbers was determined to be 36.9 mg/L (nominal), the EC50-value for growth rate of frond numbers was determined to be 76.7 mg/L (nominal). The EC50-value for yield of dry weight was determined to be 53.9 mg/L (nominal), the EC50-value for growth rate of dry weight was determined to be 69.8 mg/L (nominal).
Reference
Description of key information
In a study with a semi-static design (renewal on day 3 and 5) the vegative growth of Lemna gibba G3 was observed for a test period of 7 days by measuring the increase of frond numbers and dry weight. Lemna was exposed at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.298, 0.954, 3.05, 9.77, 31.3 and 100 mg/L The EC50 based on growth rate is 69.8 mg/L based on biomass, The NOEC based on growth rate is 3.05 mg/L based on frond numbers
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 69.8 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 3.05 mg/L
Additional information
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