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EC number: 293-878-1 | CAS number: 91648-19-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 88 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The oral NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from the OECD 422 screening study is corrected for respiratory volume (*1/0.38), working rate (*6.7/10) and relative oral and inhalation absorption (*50/100), resulting in a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 88 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL from a sub-acute toxicity study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric factors are already accounted for in derivation of the corrected starting point.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.7 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Based on its physicochemical properties, dermal absorption of the substance is assumed to be 10%; oral absorption is assumed to be 50%. The corrected dermal NOAEL is therefore 500 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL from a sub-acute toxicity study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The starting point is derived from a study in the rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The substance is of low acute oral toxicity, is not classified as a skin irritant or sensitiser but is classified for eye irritation in CLP Category 1. The critical starting point for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d derived from an oral OECD 422 screening study (considered to be of subacute derivation).
DNEL derivation
Inhalation DNELS
Long-term systemic DNEL
The oral NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from the OECD 422 screening study is corrected for respiratory volume (*1/0.38), working rate (*6.7/10) and relative oral and inhalation absorption (*50/100), resulting in a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 88 mg/m3.
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 6 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for remaining interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 75. Applying the assessment factor of 75 to the corrected starting point of 88 mg/m3 results in a DNEL of 1.2 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic DNEL
The substance is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity. In the absence of any identified hazard, an acute/short-term DNEL is not required.
Local DNELs
There are no data on local effects following inhalation. In the absence of any identified hazard, local inhalation DNELs are not derived.
Dermal DNELs
Long-term systemic DNEL
Dermal absorption is considered to be 10% based on the physicochemical properties of the substance; oral absorption is assumed to be 50%. The corrected dermal NOAEL is therefore 500 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 6 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for remaining interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 300. Applying the assessment factor of 300 to the corrected starting point of 500 mg/kg bw/d results in a DNEL of 1.7 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic DNEL
The substance is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity. In the absence of any identified hazard, an acute/short-term DNEL is not required
Local DNELs
The substance is not classified for skin irritation or skin sensitisation. In the absence of any identified hazard, a local dermal DNEL is not required.
Hazard for the eyes
Hazard for the eyes
The substance is classified for eye damage (Cat 1) and is therefore considered to represent a moderate hazard according to the ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Part E: Risk Characterisation (version 3.0, May 2016).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 43 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The oral NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from the OECD 422 screening study is corrected for respiratory volume (*1/1.15) and relative oral and inhalation absorption (*50/100), resulting in a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 43 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL from a sub-acute toxicity study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric factors are already accounted for in derivation of the corrected starting point.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal absorption is considered to be 10% based on the physicochemical properties of the substance. Oral absorption is assumed to be 50%. The corrected dermal NOAEL is therefore 500 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL derived from a sub-acute toxicity study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The starting point is derived from a study in the rat
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is derived from an oral study and does not therefore need correction.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL from a sub-acute toxicity study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The starting point is derived from a rat study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
The substance is of low acute oral toxicity, is not classified as a skin irritant or sensitiser but is classified for eye irritation in CLP Category 1. The critical starting point for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d derived from an oral OECD 422 screening study (considered to be of subacute derivation).
DNEL derivation
Inhalation DNELS
Long-term systemic DNEL
The oral NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/d from the OECD 422 screening study is corrected for respiratory volume (*1/1.15), relative oral and inhalation absorption (*50/100), resulting in a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 43 mg/m3.
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 6 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for remaining interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 150. Applying the assessment factor of 150 to the corrected starting point of 88 mg/m3 results in a DNEL of 0.3 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic DNEL
The substance is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity. In the absence of any identified hazard, an acute/short-term DNEL is not required.
Local DNELs
There are no data on local effects following inhalation. In the absence of any identified hazard, local inhalation DNELs are not derived.
Dermal DNELs
Long-term systemic DNEL
Dermal absorption of 10% is assumed based on the physicochemical properties of the substance; oral absorption is assuemd be 50%. The corrected dermal NOAEL is therefore 500 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 6 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for remaining interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 600. Applying the assessment factor of 600 to the corrected starting point of 500 mg/kg bw/d results in a DNEL of 0.8 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic DNEL
The substance is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity. In the absence of any identified hazard, an acute/short-term DNEL is not required
Local DNELs
The substance is not classified for skin irritation or skin sensitisation. In the absence of any identified hazard, a local dermal DNEL is not required.
Oral DNELs
Long-term systemic DNEL
The starting point is derived from an oral study and does not therefore need correction. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 6 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for remaining interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall assessment factor of 600. Applying the assessment factor of 600 to the starting point of 100 mg/kg bw/d results in a DNEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic DNEL
The substance is of low acute toxicity and is not classified for acute toxicity. In the absence of any identified hazard, an acute/short-term DNEL is not required
Hazard for the eyes
The substance is classified for eye damage (Cat 1) and is therefore considered to represent a moderate hazard according to the ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Part E: Risk Characterisation (version 3.0, May 2016).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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