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EC number: 236-610-0 | CAS number: 13450-90-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Aluminium, gallium, and molybdenum toxicity to the tropical marine microalga Isochrysis galbana.
- Author:
- Melanie A. Trenfield, Joost W. van Dam, Andrew J. Harford, David Parry, Claire Streten, Karen Gibb and Rick A. van Dam
- Year:
- 2 015
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34: 133-1840
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Triplicate cultures (50 mL in 100-mL Erlenmeyer flasks) of I. galbana (3 103 cells/mL) were exposed to a range of concentrations of Al, Ga, or Mo at 28±1 °C for 72 h. The background concentrations of target metals in the seawater controls were approximately 9µg/L Al, 0.04µg/L Ga, and 11 µg/L Mo. Growth rate (as doublings per day) was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of log10 algal cell concentration versus time. This growth rate (expressed as a percentage of the growth of the control) was used to derive the chronic effect value for growth inhibition. A test was considered valid if the growth rate of control replicates was 2.0 ± 0.4 doublings/d.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Not specified in publication
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Gallium trichloride
- EC Number:
- 236-610-0
- EC Name:
- Gallium trichloride
- Cas Number:
- 13450-90-3
- Molecular formula:
- Cl3Ga
- IUPAC Name:
- gallium trichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- On 2 occasions, 72-h subsamples (200 mL) were also taken and ultrafiltered. These samples were taken from additional flask replicates that did not contain algae but were stored in the same conditions for 72 h alongside algal replicates. The speciation of metals in these solutions may have potentially been modified if algae had been present. Ideally, this trial could be repeated using solutions containing algae, to determine what influence the algae has on the speciation of these metals. Each ultrafiltered sample was accompanied by a sample of the total fraction and the <0.45-mm fraction (Minisart syringe filters; Sartorius). Although precipi- tation was not observed during testing with Ga and Mo, total and ultrafiltered samples were also compared for 1 test with each of these metals.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- not specified
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Isochrysis galbana (CS-177)
- Details on test organisms:
- Isochrysis galbana (CS-177) was acquired from the CSIRO Microalgae Supply Service. The commercial Tahitian isolate (also identified as I. galbana affinis) originated from Matieva, Society Islands, French Polynesia.
The culture was maintained in sterilized Guillard’s f2 medium in the laboratory for approximately 2 mo prior to testing at pH 8±0.2, 28±1 °C, and a 12:12-h light:dark cycle (36 W cool white triphosphor lighting, 80–100 mmol photons/m2/s). Cultures (50 mL) were maintained in 100-mL Erlenmeyer flasks and agitated on an orbital shaker at 150 rotations per minute. Each week, 1 mL of a 7-d-old I. galbana culture was transferred to 50 mL of f2 medium under aseptic conditions. Nutrient-rich f2 medium was used to sustain the long-term health of the culture and to produce cultures of I. galbana that could reach an exponential growth phase within 1 wk.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 6518 mg/l
- Test temperature:
- 28°C
- pH:
- 8.18
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 99%
- Salinity:
- 34,5 PSU
- Conductivity:
- 52 mS/cm
- Details on test conditions:
- Triplicate cultures (50 mL in 100-mL Erlenmeyer flasks) of I. galbana (3 103 cells/mL) were exposed to a range of concentrations of Al, Ga, or Mo at 28±1 °C for 72 h. The background concentrations of target metals in the seawater controls were approximately 9µg/L Al, 0.04µg/L Ga, and 11 µg/L Mo.
Cell density of I. galbana was measured at 0 h, 48 h, and 72 h using a flow cytometer with a standard filter set and a detector wavelength range of 530 ± 15 nm.
Growth rate (as doublings per day) was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of log10 algal cell concentration versus time. This growth rate (expressed as a percentage of the growth of the control) was used to derive the chronic effect value for growth inhibition. A test was considered valid if the growth rate of control replicates was 2.0 ± 0.4 doublings/d.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 15.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Ga
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Ga
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Ga
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 72-h NOEC for effect of GaCl3 on growth rate of the tropical marine microalga Isochrysis galbana is ≥6 mg Ga/L.
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