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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 220-599-4 | CAS number: 2832-30-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation, other
- Type of information:
- other: indicative assessment based on non-testing methods: QSAR, physical-chemical data, toxicological data
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other company data
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Indicative assessment of potential skin sensitizing properties based on non-testing methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,4-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- EC Number:
- 220-599-4
- EC Name:
- 1,4-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- Cas Number:
- 2832-30-6
- Molecular formula:
- C14H6Cl2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,4-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
This indicative assessment of potential skin sensitizing properties is based on the physico-chemical properties of the substance, on Structure Activity Relationship information, and on available toxicological data. Experimental studies and/or animal studies have not been performed for this assessment.
1,4-Dichloro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone shall be registered under REACH as on-site isolated intermediate (Article 17).
Substance specific and physico-chemical data provided by LANXESS:
The chlorinated anthraquinone is a red-brown solid with a molecular weight of 309 g/mole. The substance has a very low water solubility of <0.4 mg/L and a log Pow (octanol/water) of +5.23 was estimated via EPI-Suite (version 4.11). Based on these physical-chemical parameters dermal absorption is expected to be low (ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements, Chapter R7c, 2017).
Toxicological data:
The substance was shown to be not harmful after single oral uptake of high doses and only slightly irritating to rabbit’s skin and eyes. No skin irritating or skin sensitizing effects were reported in occupational settings. The substance exerted no mutagenic properties in an Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium.
In silico data:
As in silico tools for the prediction of skin sensitization the QSAR OECD Toolbox 4.0 was used. The outcome of the mechanistic/endpoint relevant profilers for skin sensitization potential is:
Protein binding alerts:
An alert for Schiff base formation was identified for 1,4-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. No protein binding was identified by the OECD Toolbox.
Protein binding potency:
not possible to classify (Remark: It could be noted that the protein-binding potency profiler only predicts the reactivity quantitatively if the protein-binding mechanism is of Michael addition-type or Nucleophilic substitution type 2.)
Specific profilers for protein binding:
No activity in the Direct Peptide Reactivity assay with regard to lysine peptide depletion and no h-CLAT activity was foreseen. With regard to DPRA Cysteine depletion the substance is out of mechanistic domain. However, for keratinocyte gene expression a very high activity was predicted.
The absence of an electrophilic (DNA-reactive) potential of 1,4-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone was shown in two bacterial mutagenicity tests with negative outcome.
Discussion and conclusion:
This indicative assessment of skin sensitizing properties is based on physico-chemical, toxicological, and in silico data. Experimental studies have not been performed for this endpoint.
The substance is of low acute oral toxicity in vivo and is only slightly irritating to rabbit’s skin. In occupational settings no skin effects as skin irritation or skin sensitization were reported. The substance showed no electrophilicity in two Ames tests in vitro.
There are some inconsistent and thus equivocal results for the substance with regard to potential skin sensitization profilers in silico. However, the physico-chemical properties of the substance (solid, very low solubility in water, log Pow >5) do not indicate a relevant dermal absorption potential. There is also no relevant skin irritation potential that would facilitate penetration through the stratum corneum.
In conclusion, the limited available information with special emphasis on the physico-chemical data in this indicative evaluation does not point to a relevant skin sensitization potential in vivo.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the limited available information with special emphasis on the physico-chemical data in this indicative evaluation does not point to a relevant skin sensitization potential in vivo.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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