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EC number: 947-318-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 February 2017 - 28 February 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- 26 July 2013
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium hydrogen 2-octadecenylsuccinate
- EC Number:
- 296-086-4
- EC Name:
- Potassium hydrogen 2-octadecenylsuccinate
- Cas Number:
- 92218-39-8
- Molecular formula:
- C22H40O4.K
- IUPAC Name:
- hydrogen potassium 2-octadec-1-en-1-ylsuccinate
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Name as cited in report: X-19924
Appearance: thick amber paste
Storage: at room temperature
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Correction factor for purity: 1.138; this correction factor was not applied in this study since a correction factor is not applicable to the BCOP test.
- Stability at higher temperatures: stable for a maximum of 30 minutes at a maximum temperature of 60ºC
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: young cattle, obtained from the slaughterhouse Vitelco, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: eyes were excised by a slaughterhouse employee as soon as possible after slaughter. Subsequently, eyes were collected an transported in physiological saline in a suitable container under cooled conditions.
- The eyes were checked for unacceptable defects and those exhibiting defects were discarded.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: excessive amount to cover the complete cornea
NEGATIVE CONTROL: 750 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL: 750 µL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 ± 1 minutes
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 120 ±10 minutes in cMEM for opacity measurements and subsequently 90 ±5 minutes in sodium-fluorescein for permeability determinations
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 for the negative control, the positive control and the treatment group each
Since the first experiment was inconclusive, a second experiment was performed. - Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS: The eyes were checked for unacceptable defects and those exhibiting defects were discarded. The isolated corneas were stored in a petri dish with cMEM containing 1% (v/v) L-glutamine and 1% (v/v) Foetal Bovine Serum. The isolated corneas were mounted in a corneal holder (one cornea per holder) with the endothelial side against the O-ring of the posterior half of the holder. The anterior half of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea and tightened with screws. The compartments of the corneal holder were filled with cMEM of 32 °C ± 1 °C. The corneas were incubated for the minimum of 1 hour at 32 °C ± 1 °C
TREATMENT METHOD: The medium from the anterior compartment was removed and 750 µL of either the negative control, positive control or an excessive amount of test item was introduced onto the epithelium of the cornea. The holders were slightly rotated, with the corneas maintained in a horizontal position, to ensure uniform distribution of the control or the test item over the entire cornea. Corneas were incubated in a horizontal position for 10 ± 1 minutes at 25.0 °C. In the repeat of the second experiment, corneas treated with negative and positive control were incubated in a horizontal position for 10 ± 1 minutes at 32.0 °C ± 1 °C and the test item was incubated in a horizontal position for 10 ± 1 minutes at 28.5°C.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: After the incubation the solutions were removed and the epithelium was washed with MEM with phenol red (Earle’s Minimum Essential Medium, Life Technologies) and thereafter with cMEM.
- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION: 120 ±10 minutes in cMEM for opacity measurements and subsequently 90 ±5 minutes in sodium-fluorescein for permeability determinations
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: opacity meter (OP-KIT)
- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of a microtiter plate reader (TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader, OD490). OD490 values of less than 1.500 were used in the permeability calculation.
- Other: possible pH effects of the test substance on the corneas were recorded.
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
DECISION CRITERIA (see table 1):
A test substance that induces an IVIS ≤ 3 is not classified for eye irritancy (UN GHS: no category);
A test substance that induces IVIS >55 is defined as a corrosive or severe irritant (UN GHS: category 1);
For a test substance that induces an IVIS >3 and ≤55, no prediction on irritant potency can be made.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- First experiment; mean of 3 replicates
- Value:
- 3.2
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- IVIS: 0.0 - 1.9
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- IVIS: 34.0 - 62.2
- Remarks on result:
- other: results were spread over 2 categories
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- Second experiment; mean of 3 replicates
- Value:
- 2.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- IVIS: -1.2 - -0.5
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- IVIS: 48.2-82.1
- Remarks on result:
- other: results were spread over 2 categories
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- FIRST EXPERIMENT:
- The corneas treated with the test substance showed opacity values between 1.3 and 3.8.
- Permeability values were ranging from 0.023 to 0.060.
- IVIS were 1.8, 3.0 and 4.8 (n=3).
Since the results of the first experiment were spread over 2 categories, the test was inconclussive and a second experiment was performed.
SECOND EXPERIMENT:
- The corneas treated with the test substance showed opacity values between 0.2 and 4.4.
- Permeability values were ranging from 0.003 to 0.040.
- IVIS were 0.9, 2.1 and 5.0 (n=3).
Since the individual in vitro irritancy scores were spread over 2 categories, the test was inconclusive.
OTHER EFFECTS:
- No pH effect of the test item was observed on the rinsing medium in both experiments.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes, results were within historical range (IVIS ranging from 0.0 to 1.9 in the first experiment and ranging from 1.2 to -0.5 in the second experiment). However, in the first experiment, one of the negative control eyes was excluded from the analysis since the IVIS was >3. Since the other 2 eyes completely met the criteria and test item results were not influenced by this result this does not affect the study outcome.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes, results were within historical range (IVIS ranging from 34 to 62 in the first experiment and ranging from 48 to 82 in the second experiment). In both experiments, the corneas treated with the positive control item were turbid after the 10 minutes of treatment.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2 Historical Control Data for the BCOP Studies
|
Negative control |
Positive control |
||
|
Opacity |
Permeability |
In vitro Irritancy Score |
In vitro Irritancy Score |
Range |
-2.9 – 3.0 |
-0.016 – 0.042 |
-2.8 – 3.0 |
35.8-77.0 |
Mean |
0.20 |
0.01 |
0.32 |
57.55 |
SD |
1.02 |
0.01 |
1.10 |
12.12 |
n |
63 |
59 |
57 |
38 |
SD = Standard deviation
n = Number of observations
The above mentioned historical control data range of the controls were obtained by collecting all data over the period of February 2015 to November 2016.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of a Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test (BCOP) performed according to OECD guideline 437 and GLP principles, no conclusion can be drawn for the classification of X-19924 for eye irritation. The IVIS were spread over 2 categories in a first and in a second experiment (1.8, 3.0, 4.8 and 0.9, 2.1, 5.0, respectively).
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