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EC number: 219-247-2 | CAS number: 2393-23-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- for read across substance
- Justification for type of information:
- Data for the target chemical is summarized based on the structurally similar read across chemicals
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- WoE report is based on two short term toxicity study of fish for the test chemical :
1. This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris. Test was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 201.
2. The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 4-Methoxybenzylamine
- IUPAC name: p-anisylamine
- Molecular formula: C8H11NO
- Molecular weight: 137.181 g/mole
- Smiles :O(c1ccc(cc1)CN)C
- Inchl: 1S/C8H11NO/c1-10-8-4-2-7(6-9)3-5-8/h2-5H,6,9H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid (Colorless to pale yellow) - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- 1.Method: The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.
2. PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture.
- Controls: OECD medium as specified in OECD 201, used as a control and for dilution of the stock solution. - Test organisms (species):
- other: 1.Chlorella vulgaris , 2. Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Details on test organisms:
- 1.TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:green alga
- Strain:Chlorella vulgaris
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur (Laboratory)
- Method of cultivation: Bold’s Basal Medium(BBM)
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not):The medium to be used for the growth of algae was Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM). It is a medium composed of macronutrients, micronutrients, alkaline EDTA solution and Iron solution. Stock solution of each of these was prepared separately and then a complete medium was prepared and sterilized. De-ionized water was used to prepare the BBM
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed:no
2.TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 86.81 SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Institute of botany of the ASCR
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5x103 cells/ml
- Method of cultivation: No data
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No data
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): No data
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No data - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- 24, 48, 72 hrs
- Test temperature:
- 1) 24 ° C ± 2°C
- pH:
- 1) 6.8 ± 0.3
2) 7.8 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1) Six test concentration were: 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l, 100mg/l and 200mg/l.
2) 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- 1)TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Conical flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): No data available
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Conical flasks of 100 ml size filled with 60 ml was used for the study.
- Aeration: No data available
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): No data available
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No data available
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: No data available
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10000cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Two replicates for each test concentration
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Three replicates for Control
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data available
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: No data available
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: The medium to be used for the growth of algae was Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM). It is a medium composed of macronutrients, micronutrients, alkaline EDTA solution and Iron solution. Stock solution of each of these was prepared separately and then a complete medium was prepared and sterilized. De-ionized water was used to prepare the BBM.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes
- Adjustment of pH: No data available
- Photoperiod: 16 Hour Light Period : 8 Hour Dark Period
- Light intensity and quality: continuous, uniform fluorescent illumination(1500Lux)
- Salinity (for marine algae): No data available
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Spectrophotometer - The absorbance values of each test vessel and control vessel was noted at 680nm.The BBM was taken as blank for both control and test vessels. The absorbance value of each vessel was in line with the average specific growth rate.
- Chlorophyll measurement: No data available
- Other: Microscopic observations: The cultures were observed daily with the help of a microscope to verify a normal and healthy appearance of the algal culture and also to observe any abnormal appearance of the algae (as may be caused by the exposure of the test item). Apart from this, the cell count of each test vessel was also noted with the help of a microscope and haemocytometer.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: All the six concentrations were in geometric series spaced by a factor of 2.
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: No data available
- Range finding study: No data available
- Test concentrations: Six test concentration were: 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l (Nominal concentrations)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No data available
6.1. Test solution: The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test item4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulphonic acid was prepared by adding 500 mg of test item in 250ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200mg/L. This stock solution was kept for stirring for 30minutes to obtain a homogenous solution for the experiment. The test concentrations were chosen according to the available data of the test item.
The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.
6.2. Test vessels: All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left.
6.3. Replicates: For the assessment of algal growth, the study was conducted in replicates. The control vessel was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentrations were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates.
6.4. Incubation:
i) The temperature of the orbital shaking incubator was kept constant throughout the period of exposure of the experiment. The temperature was maintained at 24°C ± 2°C.
ii) The test vessels were incubated with a continuous, uniform fluorescent illumination (1500Lux).
iii) The pH of the control cultures needs to be noted during the study and the pH of the control medium should not increase by more than 1.5 units during the test.
iv) The orbital shaking incubator was set at a speed of 120 revolutions per minute throughout the study period. This is to provide constant shaking to the algal cells to keep them in suspension and to ensure that they do not settle down on the bottom of the test vessel.
2)TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50ml glass vessel
- Type : closed (with air-permeable stopper)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15 ml
- Aeration: No data
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): No data
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No data
- Initial cells density: 5x103 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: No data
- No. of organisms per vessel: No data
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Without adjustment
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 6000 lx - 8000 lx
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell counting: microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter.
- Chlorophyll measurement: No
- Other: ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for read across 2
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: read across 1
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 106.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Read across 2
- Details on results:
- 2) - Results with reference substance valid
ErC50: 0.75 mg/L K2Cr2O7 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic to fish atleast in the dose range of 106-200 mg/l
- Executive summary:
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobacteria of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:
1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the growth of green alga Chlorella vulgaris.
The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l.
All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60 ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left. The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.
For the assessment of algal growth, the test was conducted in replicates. The control flask was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentration were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates. To obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis, a linearizing transformation of the response data into probit was performed. Using the same, effective concentration (EC) were determined.
After 72 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations, EC50 was determine to be >200mg/l and the EC10 was determine to be 158.49 mg/l graphically and through probit analysis.
2.The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201.
The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23± 2°C. Initial cell density of test organism used was 5x10(3) cells/ml. Determination of cell counting involve the use of microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.
The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test material, in a freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 106.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study with 95% Cl of 83.2 - 137.3 mg/L.
Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 106- 200 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobaccteria .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 106 - 200 mg/L
Reference
Description of key information
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobacteria of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:
1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the growth of green alga Chlorella vulgaris.
The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l.
All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60 ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left. The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.
For the assessment of algal growth, the test was conducted in replicates. The control flask was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentration were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates. To obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis, a linearizing transformation of the response data into probit was performed. Using the same, effective concentration (EC) were determined.
After 72 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations, EC50 was determine to be >200mg/l and the EC10 was determine to be 158.49 mg/l graphically and through probit analysis.
2.The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201.
The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23± 2°C. Initial cell density of test organism used was 5x10(3) cells/ml. Determination of cell counting involve the use of microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.
The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test material, in a freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 106.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study with 95% Cl of 83.2 - 137.3 mg/L.
Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 106- 200 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobaccteria .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 106 - 200 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 200 mg/L
Additional information
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobacteria of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:
1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the growth of green alga Chlorella vulgaris.
The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l.
All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60 ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left. The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.
For the assessment of algal growth, the test was conducted in replicates. The control flask was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentration were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates. To obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis, a linearizing transformation of the response data into probit was performed. Using the same, effective concentration (EC) were determined.
After 72 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations, EC50 was determine to be >200mg/l and the EC10 was determine to be 158.49 mg/l graphically and through probit analysis.
2.The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201.
The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23± 2°C. Initial cell density of test organism used was 5x10(3) cells/ml. Determination of cell counting involve the use of microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.
The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test material, in a freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 106.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study with 95% Cl of 83.2 - 137.3 mg/L.
Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 106- 200 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobaccteria .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 106 - 200 mg/L
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