Cinnamonitrile

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrate:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances, the toxicity to aquatic invertebrate was predicted for target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7). EC50 Intoxication value was estimated to be 441.73 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the toxicity to algae was predicted for the target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7). EC50 Growth value was estimated to be 197.96 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 hrs duration. It was concluded that (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7) likely to be not toxic to aquatic algae.

Additional information

Short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrate:

In Short term toxicity study of aquatic invertebrate, prediction was done based on OECD QSAR toolbox for target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7),and for different experimental studies available on the structurally similar read across substance benzoic acid(65-85-0) and for Benzonitrile(100-47-0). Studies included predicted as well as experimental data to conclude the toxicity extent of (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) towards aquatic invertebrate is summarized as follows:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances, the toxicity to aquatic invertebrate was predicted for target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7). EC50 Intoxication value was estimated to be 441.73 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate.

The above study was further supported by Yasushi Kamaya et. al. (Chemosphere 59 (2005) 255–261); IFA GESTIS (Gestis Substance Database ,2017) and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (ECOTOX database, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017) for the structurally similar read across substance benzoic acid(65-85-0). Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. The young daphnids were obtained from continuous cultures in 1 liter glass beakers at 21 ± 0.3 degree C, in dechlorinated and conditioned tap water, the medium was renewed in three weeks and daphnids were fed daily with the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The pH of test solution was adjusted to 7.45 ± 0.05 with HCL and NaOH. The concentrations of the resultant solutions were checked before and after (48 h) exposure using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. As the experiment starts neonate were placed in 50 ml of beaker with 40 ml of test solution. All experiment was made in four replicates and performed at 21 ± 0.3 degree C under 16 h light: 8 h dark photoperiod. Immobility was observed after 24 and 48 hrs and EC 50 value was calculated. After the experiment the EC 50 value of Benzoic acid (65-85-0) for Daphnia magna was determined to be 860 mg/l in 48 hrs.Based on the CLP regulation the benzoic acid is considered to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be concluded to be not classified.

This is further supported by U. S. National Library of Medicine (HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank); US national Library of Medicine reviewed by SRC, 2017.) and U.S. Environment protection agency (U.S. Environment protection agency, 2017) for the structurally similar read across substance Benzonitrile(100-47-0). Determination of short term toxicity of Benzonitrile on the growth of aquatic invertebrates. Test was performed in the static system with the total exposure period of 24 hrs. <=24 h old daphnia magna were used in the study.After the exposure of 24hrs LC50 was determine on the basis of intoxication. Based on the intoxication of daphnia magna due to the exposure of chemical benzonitrile for 24hrs, the LC50 was 200 mg/l.Based on the LC50, it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Thus based on the effect concentrations which is in the range 200 mg/l to 860 mg/l give the conclusion that test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be “not classified” as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

In Toxicity study of aquatic algae and cyanobacteria, prediction was done based on OECD QSAR toolbox for target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7),and for different experimental studies available on the structurally similar read across substance Benzaldehyde (100-52-7) and for benzene carboxylic acid (65-85-0). Studies included predicted as well as experimental data to conclude the toxicity extent of (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) towards aquatic algae is summarized as follows:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the toxicity to algae was predicted for the target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7). EC50 Growth value was estimated to be 197.96 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 hrs duration. It was concluded that (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS: 1885-38-7) likely to be not toxic to aquatic algae.

The above study was further supported by Stratton.G.W et. al. (Environ. Pollut. A.29(1): 71-80,1982) and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (ECOTOX database, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017) for the structurally similar read across substance Benzaldehyde (100-52-7). Freshwater algal growth toxicity test was carried out on Anabaena inaequalis with the substance 100-52-7 (Benzaldehyde).The test substance was dissolved in water and test chemical was tested at a minimum of five concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mg/l and all treatments were replicated five times. Nitrogenase activity was determined for A. inaequalis. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance Benzaldehyde (100-52-7), in Anabaena inaequalis was determined to be >100 mg/L .This value indicates that the substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified as per the CLP criteria.

This is further supported by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (ECOTOX database, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017) for the structurally similar read across substance benzene carboxylic acid (65-85-0).Freshwater algal toxicity test was carried out on Green Algae (Chlorococcales) with the substance carboxylic acid (65-85-0) on the basis of effects of Physiology (Assimilation efficiency) .The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance carboxylic acid (65-85-0), in Green Algae (Chlorococcales) was determined to be >100 mg/L .This value indicates that the substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified as per the CLP criteria.

Thus based on the effect concentrations which is in the range >100 mg/l to 197.96 mg/l give the conclusion that test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) was likely to be non toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be “not classified” as per the CLP classification criteria.