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EC number: 218-880-1 | CAS number: 2273-43-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional physico-chemical information
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- minimum ignition energy
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 22 November 2009
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM E-2019 Standard Test Method of a Dust Cloud in Air and BS 5958: Part 1: 1991 Control of Undesirable Static Electricity.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: The German VDI organization (Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 3: Verfahrenstechnik Nr 134).
- Version / remarks:
- This method is similar to the BS 5958 method, but it includes a 1 mH inductor in the discharge circuit.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Results:
- MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY: 100-300 mJ
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.
- Executive summary:
The minimum ignition temperature of the test material was investigated in accordance with the ASTM E-2019 and BS 5958 guidelines.
The Minimum Ignition Energy was measured using Vertical Tube Apparatus. This consists of a vertically mounted acrylic/glass tube of 63mm internal diameter and of approximately 1 litre volume. The tube was fitted with a compressed air dust dispersion system and 2 mm diameter brass electrodes between which sparks of known energy were passed.
Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.
- Endpoint:
- other: Dust explosion severity and minimum ignition temperature
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dust explosion severity determinations were performed using the Hartmann Dust Explosibility Bomb.
The minimum ignition temperature for a quiescent dust layer wasdetermined in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace. - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Results:
- The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classifies as a strong rating (Weak <0.5, Moderate 0.5-1.0, Strong 1.0-2.0 and Severe >2.0).
The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes. Once the sample ignites the temperature increased at the maximum rate of 16 °C per minute. It reached a peak temperature of 300 °C during the exotherm. - Conclusions:
- The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classified with a strong severity rating.
The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes. - Executive summary:
The test material sample can be ignited as a dispersed dust cloud using an electrical ignition source. The test material generates pressure at 4000 psi/sec, it has a relative explosion hazard of strong. The pressure generated in the experimental vessel was up to 98 psig, which is sufficient to destroy most dust collectors or dust-handling equipment. Dust layer ignition temperatures showed that the test material ignited at 180 °C in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace during a one hour incubation.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Results
Spark Energy (mJ) |
Weight Dispersed (g) |
No. of Trials |
Ignition |
Flame Size |
Pressure |
C/A |
0.25 |
1 |
Yes |
Large |
High |
C/A |
0.50 |
1 |
Yes |
Large |
High |
500 |
0.50 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
500 |
0.75 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
500 |
1.00 |
4 |
Yes |
Medium |
Low |
300 |
1.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
300 |
2.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
300 |
4.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
300 |
8.00 |
8 |
Yes |
Medium |
Low |
100 |
8.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
12.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
16.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
20.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
4.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
2.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
1.00 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
0.75 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
0.50 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
100 |
0.25 |
10 |
No |
- |
- |
C/A = Constant Arc from 10 kV transformer.
Comment: 20.0g fills dispersion cup.
Interpretation of results
- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 500 mJ: Low sensitivity to ignition: Ground plant when ignition energy is at or below this level.
- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 100 mJ: Consider grounding personnel when ignition energy is at or below this level.
- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 25 mJ: The majority of ignition incidents occur when ignition energy is below this level. The hazard from electrostatic discharges from dust clouds should be considered.
- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 10 mJ: High sensitivity to ignition. Take the above precautions and consider restrictions on the use of high resistivity materials (plastics). Electrostatic hazard from bulk powders of high resistivity should be considered.
- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 1 mJ: Extremely sensitive to ignition. Precautions should be as for flammable liquids and gases when ignition energy is at or below this level.
- It must be understood that the information above is general in nature and that exceptions to the general rules can arise when considering some powder handling operations.
- It is strongly recommended that in case of doubt about particular operations, expert advice be sought.
Description of key information
Dinh (2009):
Under the conditions of the study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.
Petino (1993):
The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classifies with a strong severity rating.
The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes.
Additional information
Dinh (2009): The minimum ignition temperature of the test material was investigated in accordance with the ASTM E-2019 and BS 5958 guidelines. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The Minimum Ignition Energy was measured using Vertical Tube Apparatus. This consists of a vertically mounted acrylic/glass tube of 63mm internal diameter and of approximately 1 litre volume. The tube was fitted with a compressed air dust dispersion system and 2 mm diameter brass electrodes between which sparks of known energy were passed.
Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.
Petino (1993): The test material sample can be ignited as a dispersed dust cloud using an electrical ignition source. The test material generates pressure at 4000 psi/sec, it has a relative explosion hazard of strong. The pressure generated in the experimental vessel was up to 98 psig, which is sufficient to destroy most dust collectors or dust-handling equipment. Dust layer ignition temperatures showed that the test material ignited at 180 °C in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace during a one hour incubation.
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