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EC number: 241-047-9 | CAS number: 16970-55-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 October 2002 to 25 October 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study (OECD, EEC), to GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate(2-)
- EC Number:
- 241-047-9
- EC Name:
- Dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate(2-)
- Cas Number:
- 16970-55-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cl4Pd.2H
- IUPAC Name:
- dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate(2-)
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate (II)-solution
- Substance type: brown liquid
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.95%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): no data
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 47% (w/v) of dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate(II) in the solution
- Isomers composition:
- Purity test date: no data
- Lot/batch No.: 4515932529
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 12 September 2003
- Stability under test conditions: reported as stable in water for at least 96 hr
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature in dark; stable
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9, microsomal fraction derived from Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver. The S9 mix contained 5% (v/v) S9 fraction in the first two studies and 10% (v/v) in the third study.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Study 1:
3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3300 and 5000 μg/plate for TA100 and WP2 uvrA.
Study 2:
3, 10, 33, 100, 200 and 333 μg/plate for TA15335, TA1537 and TA98.
Study 3:
3, 10, 33, 100 and 200 μg/plate for TA15335, TA1537 and TA98 without S9;
10, 33, 100, 200 and 333 μg/plate for TA15335, TA1537 and TA98 with S9;
10, 33, 100, 200 and333 μg/plate for TA100 and WP2 uvrA with or without S9. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: no data
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- 650 μg/plate for TA100 without S9
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- 5 μg/plate for TA1535 without S9
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Remarks:
- 10 μg/plate for WP2 uvrA without S9
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- 60 μg/plate for TA1537 without S9
- Positive control substance:
- other: daunomycin
- Remarks:
- 4 μg/plate for TA98 without S9
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- With 5% S9: 1 μg/plate for TA1535, TA98 and TA100; 2.5 μg/plate for TA1537; 5 μg/plate for WP2 uvrA. With 10% S9: 2.5 μg/plate for TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100; 10 μg/plate for WP2 uvrA
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium; in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hr
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Plating done in triplicate. Each bacterial strain tested in two independent studies
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth - Evaluation criteria:
- The test substance was considered to be mutagenic if the number of revertant colonies was at least twice that of the spontaneous revertants and reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment. However any mean plate count of less than 20 revertants was considered to be not significant.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: no
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: yes. In the range-finding study, dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate (II)-solution was tested (in triplicate) at up to 5 mg/plate, in the presence or absence of a 5% rat liver metabolic activiation (S9) system. Cytotoxicity was seen at concentrations of 0.33 mg/plate and above.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: yes and acceptable minimum and maximum numbers of spontaneous revertants and revertants induced by the positive controls given in the report. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In an OECD Test Guideline 471 study, to GLP, dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate (solution) failed to induce an increase in mutation frequency in four S. typhimurium strains or in E. coli WP2 uvrA, either with or without S9, when tested at up to the limits of cytotoxicity.
- Executive summary:
The mutagenic potential of dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate (solution) was assessed in a reverse mutagenicity assay, conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 471 and to GLP. The test substance was assessed in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA, in an attempt to detect both base-pair substitution and frameshift mutations.
In the range-finding study, dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate was tested (in triplicate) at up to 5 mg/plate, in the presence or absence of a 5% rat liver metabolic activation (S9) system. Cytotoxicity was seen at concentrations of 0.33 mg/plate and above. In Salmonella strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98, cytotoxicity was observed at doses of 0.2 and 0.33 mg/plate, without or with a 5% rat liver S9 respectively. In an independent repeat study using all five strains, but this time without or with a 10% S9 fraction in the S9 mix, cytotoxicity was again seen at 0.2 and 0.33 mg/plate respectively.
Dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate (solution) did not cause an increase in mutation frequency, either with or without metabolic S9 activation, when compared to the spontaneous mutation frequency. In contrast, the known mutagens used as positive controls showed the expected mutagenic activity.
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