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EC number: 247-015-0 | CAS number: 25470-96-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 Sept 2019 - 17 March 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 13 April 2014
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 30 May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity:20.59% Rh
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The concentrations of rhodium in the aqueous solutions was measured during the study.
Fresh samples were taken from all five test solutions and the control at the beginning of the
test and at medium renewal at 24 hours prior to distribution to the test vessels. Samples of
aged solutions were taken from one representative replicate at media renewal and test end.
Aged samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm PES filter before sampling.
All samples were acidified and analysed within 24 hours after sampling. All samples will be
discarded after finalization of the study. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The highest test concentration was prepared by weighing in 99.9 mg (d-1) and 100 mg (d0)
of the test item and transferring it to 1000 mL test medium. This solution was first
ultrasonicated for 30 minutes and afterwards stirred for 24 hours. Since undissolved test
material was observed at the surface of the test solution after stirring, the solutions was
filtered using a 0.22 μm PES filter to remove the undissolved test material. After filtration, the
test solution was clear and no undissolved material was left. The filtered solution was diluted
to obtain the lower test concentrations. A control consisting of dilution water only was treated
the same way as test solutions.
NOTE: In an attempt to increase test item dissolution, an oversaturated solution was prepared by
weighing 1000 mg of the test item and transferring it to 1000 mL test medium in an additional
non-GLP test. This solution was stirred for 72 hours at 30 – 35 °C. Since
undissolved test material was observed at the surface of the test solution after stirring, the
solution was filtered using a 0.45 μm PES filter to remove the undissolved test material. After
filtration, the test solution was clear and no undissolved material was left. This additional test
did not show a higher test item dissolution (as assessed by dissolved Rh concentration in
solution), and no effects on daphnid survival were observed. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organisms were juvenile Daphnia magna, 4 – 24 hours old.
Origin of the cladocerans is the German Federal Environment Agency, Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene.
Specimens used in the test were bred in the laboratory of the Fraunhofer IME.
Pre-Treatment:
Adult Daphnia, at least 3 weeks old, were separated from the stock population by sieving.
Batches of 30 to 50 animals were held at room temperature in ca. 1.8 L dilution water for one week. During this week the daphnids were fed daily with an algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and ArtemioFluid (JBL). Algae growing in the log-phase were centrifuged and the pellet was re-suspended in a few mL of medium. 5 mL of this suspension was given to 1.8 L Daphnia medium.
The water was changed three times per week.
Newborn D. magna were separated by sieving, the first generation was discarded.
Individuals applied in the test were transferred with a bore Pasteur pipette a few hours after sieving to ensure applying only healthy specimens. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Purified, Cu-reduced drinking water was used as holding- and dilution water.
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Hardness of the Cu-reduced water is below the recommended range. Therefore, it is enriched with an appropriate amount of CaCl2 to values of 250 – 350 mg CaCO3/L.
- Test temperature:
- 18.7-19.4°C (19.1°C mean temperature)
- pH:
- 7.70-8.11
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.28-9.28 mg/L (84.6-105 % of air saturation)
- Conductivity:
- 277 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
range finding test: 1 -10 - 100 mg test item/L
definitive test: control -6.25-12.5-25.0-50.0-100 mg test item/L (corresponding to control - 1.29-2.57-5.15-10.3-20.6 mg Rh/L)
Measured concentrations:
Concentrations of freshly prepared test media showed low recovery rates between 0.230 and
0.346 % of nominal concentrations. Concentrations in aged test media showed recovery
rates between 0.174 and 0.365 % of nominal concentrations and therefore only slightly
changed with 71.1 to 113 % of initial concentrations.
The measured concentrations were not within a range of 80 – 120 % of nominal
concentrations. Therefore, the evaluation of effects was based on the geometric mean
measured concentrations of 3.18, 6.62, 13.6, 26.0 and 53.9 μg Rh/L, equivalent to 15.4,
32.2, 65.8, 126 and 262 µg test item/L (considering a purity of 20.59 % in the test item).
Recovery rates of mean measured concentration were between 0.247 and 0.263 % of
nominal concentrations.
Background concentrations of rhodium were 0.021, 0.020, 0.09 and 0.291 μg Rh/L at test
start, after 24h (aged, fresh) and test end, respectively. Background concentrations were
deducted from measured concentrations.
NOTE: In an attempt to increase test item dissolution, an oversaturated solution was prepared by
weighing 1000 mg of the test item and transferring it to 1000 mL test medium in an additional
non-GLP test. This solution was stirred for 72 hours at 30 – 35 °C. Since
undissolved test material was observed at the surface of the test solution after stirring, the
solution was filtered using a 0.45 μm PES filter to remove the undissolved test material. After
filtration, the test solution was clear and no undissolved material was left. This additional test
did not show a higher test item dissolution (as assessed by dissolved Rh concentration in
solution), and no effects on daphnid survival were observed. - Details on test conditions:
- light intensity: 865-913 lx (corresponding to 11.5-12.2 μE/(m² * s)) throughout the test
alkalinity: 1.6 mmol/L
total hardness: 1.2 mmol/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- K2Cr2O7 (latest 24h EC50 = 1.267 mg/L (95%CI: 1.056-1.609 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 262 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 53.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 262 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- No significant signs of disease or stress like discoloration or abnormal behavior were observed in any replicate.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- latest 24h EC50 = 1.267 mg/L (95%CI: 1.056-1.609 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The evaluation of the concentration-effect-relationships and the calculations of effect
concentrations was based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations the
deviation from the nominal concentration was greater than ± 20 %.
Results did not show inhibition of around 50 %, therefore no EC50 and EC10 value together
with 95 % confidence intervals using Probit-analysis assuming log-normal distribution of the
values could be calculated. Therefore, the EC50 will be reported as being > highest mean
measured concentration tested.
The NOEC and LOEC values were determined using appropriate statistical methods, if
possible (e.g. Fisher`s Exact Binomial Test for quantal response).
The computer program ToxRat was used for statistical evaluations. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mortality in controls does not exceed 10 %, the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test (48 h) ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.
- Conclusions:
- The short-term toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 (GLP compliant). The test item had no statistically significant effect on immobility of the daphnids up to the highest test concentrations. The EC50 for immobility is determined to be > 262 μg test item/L and the NOEC is ≥ 262 μg test item/L (based on geometric mean measured concentrations). Considering the rhodium content of 20.59 %, the EC50 and NOEC is determined to be 53.9 μg Rh/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology
(IME) to investigate the influence of the test item Carbonyl(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O’)
(triphenylphosphine)rhodium on the mobility of Daphnia magna. The test was conducted
under semi-static conditions over a period of 48 hours with one media exchange after 24
hours. Effects on immobilization were determined daily.
The daphnids were placed in water containing the test item in nominal concentrations of
6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg test item/L. Considering the rhodium content of 20.59 %,
1.29, 2.57, 5.15, 10.3 and 20.6 mg rhodium/L were introduced.
Cu-reduced dilution water enriched with CaCl2 was used as test medium. A control with test
medium only was run in parallel.
The concentrations of the test item in the media were confirmed by measurements of
rhodium (Rh) concentrations at beginning of the test, before and after media renewal at 24
hours and at test end using an ICP-MS system.
Concentrations of freshly prepared test media showed low recovery rates between 0.230 and
0.346 % of nominal concentrations. Concentrations in aged test media showed recovery
rates between 0.174 and 0.365 % of nominal concentrations. During incubation in the test,
test concentrations only slightly decreased with 71.1 to 113 % of initial concentrations.
The measured concentrations were not within a range of 80 – 120 % of nominal
concentrations. Therefore, the evaluation of effects was based on the geometric mean
measured concentrations of 3.18, 6.62, 13.6, 26.0 and 53.9 μg Rh/L, equivalent to 15.4,
32.2, 65.8, 126 and 262 μg test item/L (considering a rhodium content of 20.59 % in the test
item).
The test item had no statistically significant effect on the immobilization of the daphnids in
any tested concentration. The test was considered valid according to OECD 202.
The test item Carbonyl(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O’)(triphenylphosphine)rhodium did not show
any effect on the test organism Daphnia magna in a 48-hour acute toxicity test at the highest
tested dose level. Based on geometric mean measured concentrations, the EC50 for
immobilization of the test organisms was set to be higher than the highest tested
concentration of 262 μg test item/L, equivalent to 53.9 μg Rh/L.
Reference
geometric mean measured concentrations (µg test tem/L) | total introduced | mobile | immobile | % immobility |
control | 20 | 19 | 1 | 5 (-) |
15.4 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0(-) |
32.2 | 20 | 14 | 6 | 30(-) |
65.8 | 20 | 17 | 3 | 15(-) |
126 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0(-) |
262 | 20 | 19 | 1 | 5(-) |
(-) statistically not significant different from the control
30 % and 15 % immobility were observed in the treatments with 32.2 and 65.8 μg test item/L.
However, the statistical evaluation revealed that this increase in immobility is not significantly
different to the control. Therefore, the observed immobility is considered to be of no
biological relevance as no clear concentration-response behavior at the higher concentration
levels was observed. The observed immobility is mainly related to a single replicate.
Mobile daphnids after 24 h and 48 h. Single values [Ind.] of the replicates. N = 5 per replicate. Concentration of test item given as
geometric mean measured concentration [μg/L].
test species | replicate | control | 15.4 | 32.3 | 65.8 | 126 | 262 |
24h | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
48 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | |
3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |
4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
The test item had no statistically significant effect on immobility of the daphnids up to the
highest test concentrations. The EC50 for immobility is determined to be > 262 μg test item/L
(geometric mean measured concentrations) and the NOEC is ≥ 262 μg test item/L (geometric
mean measured concentrations). Considering the rhodium content of 20.59 %, the EC50 is
determined to be > 53.9 μg Rh/L and the NOEC is ≥ 53.9 μg Rh/L.
Description of key information
The EC50 for immobility of D. magna was >262 µg test item/L, corresponding to >53.9 µg Rh/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 262 µg/L
Additional information
The short-term toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 (GLP compliant). Effects were expressed as geometric mean measured dissolved test item concentrations. The test item did not show any effect on the test organism Daphnia magna in a 48-hour acute toxicity test at the highest tested dose level.
The EC50 for immobility was calculated as >262 µg test item/L, corresponding to >53.9 µg Rh/L.Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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