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EC number: 943-552-6 | CAS number: 91844-92-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Acute oral toxicity: LD50>5000 mg/kg bw (similar to OECD 401)
Acute dermal toxicity: LD50>2000 mg/kg bw (similar to OECD 402)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1972
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test was conducted according to methods similar to OECD guideline 401 and was performed pre-GLP. A concise description of the protocol is available and results are reported clearly.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- pre-GLP
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 200 - 250
- Fasting period before study: 16-18 hours
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum (after dosing)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum (after dosing
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
No information available
IN-LIFE DATES: No information available - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- No data available
- Doses:
- 5000 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 male rats
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: daily (and frequently on day of test)
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: symptomatology - Statistics:
- not relevant
- Preliminary study:
- not relevant
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 5 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3/10 animals died
- Mortality:
- 3/10
- Clinical signs:
- other: Lethargy, slow respiration and ptosis
- Gross pathology:
- Not performed
- Other findings:
- Necropsy was not performed
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 value of Lemongrass oil in rats was established as exceeding 5000 mg/kg body weight, under the conditions of this study. Lemongrass oil therefore does not need to be classified according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP).
- Executive summary:
A single dose of lemongrass oil (5000 mg/kg bw) was administered by oral gavage to 10 male albino Wistar rats. The animals were observed for 14 days while food and water were available ad libitum.
Three out of 10 animals died within 48 hours. The following clinical signs were observed: lethargy, slow respiration and ptosis. The oral LD50 value of Lemongrass oil in rats was established as exceeding 5000 mg/kg body weight, under the conditions of this study.
Lemongrass oil therefore does not have to be classifiied according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 5 000 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1972
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test was conducted according to methods similar to OECD guideline 402 (limit test) and was performed pre-GLP. A concise description of the protocol is available and results are reported clearly.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 7 day observation period
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- pre-GLP
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 1.9 - 2.3 kg
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
No information available
IN-LIFE DATES: No information available - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: abdominal area (skin was abraded)
- Type of wrap if used: binders of rubber dam, gauze and adhesive tape
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2000 mg/kg bw
VEHICLE
No information available - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 rabbits
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 7 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, and skin irritation - Statistics:
- not relevant
- Preliminary study:
- not relevant
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mortality was observed in 1 animal
- Mortality:
- 1/10
- Clinical signs:
- other: No effects observed
- Gross pathology:
- No abnormalities were noted at necropsy
- Other findings:
- Skin irritation: Moderate erythema was noted in 7/10 animals, moderate signs of edema in 9/10 and moderate atonia in 2/10 animals
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Dermal application of Lemongrass oil in 10 New Zealand White rabbits at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight resulted in 1 death animal. Therefore, the LD50 was established exceeding 2000 mg/kg and Lemongrass oil does not need to be classified for acute dermal toxicity according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP), under the conditions of this study.
- Executive summary:
A single dose of 2000 mg/kg Lemongrass oil was applied dermally to the abraded abdominal skin of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. The treated skin site was covered with binders of rubber dam, gauze and adhesive tape for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the wrapping was removed and the rabbits were observed for mortality and toxicity for a period of 7 days.
Under the conditions of this study, dermal application of Lemongrass oil caused a mortality of 1/10 in New Zealand White rabbits at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Signs of skin irritation were observed as moderate erythema in 7/10 animals, moderate signs of edema in 9/10 and moderate atonia in 2/10 animals. In conclusion, the LD50 was established to be exceeding 2000 mg/kg and Lemongrass oil does not need to be classified for acute dermal toxicity according to the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP), under the conditions of this study.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Acute oral toxicity
A key study (method equivalent to OECD 401) is available in which a single dose of Lemongrass oil (5000 mg/kg bw) was administered by oral gavage to 10 male albino Wistar rats. Three out of 10 animals died within 48 hours and therefore the oral LD50 value of Lemongrass oil in rats was established to be >5000 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, two supporting studies (method equivalent to OECD 401) are available that confirm the LD50 value of >5000 mg/kg bw.
Acute dermal toxicity
A key study (method equivalent to OECD 402) is available in which a single dose of 2000 mg/kg Lemongrass oil was applied dermally to the abraded abdominal skin of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. The dermal application of Lemongrass oil caused a mortality 1 one animal and therefore the LD50 was established to be >2000 mg/kg. This result is confirmed by two supporting studies (method equivalent to OECD 402) in which an LD50 of >5000 mg/kg bw was determined (50% of animals had abraded skin).
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
The selected study is the key study for this endpoint.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
The selected study is the key study for this endpoint.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available information, Cymbopogon flexuoses (Lemongrass oil) has shown to be non-toxic after oral exposure. Therefore, the substance does not need to be classified for Acute Oral Toxicity in accordance with the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP/EU-GHS).
Based on the available information, Cymbopogon flexuoses has shown to be non-toxic in contact with skin. Therefore, the substance does not need to be classified for Acute Dermal Toxicity in accordance with the criteria outlined in Annex I of 1272/2008/EC (CLP/EU-GHS).
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