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EC number: 208-253-0 | CAS number: 518-47-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The acute and chronic toxicity of two xanthene dyes, fluorescein sodium salt and phloxine B, to Daphnia pulex
- Author:
- W.K. Walthall, J.D. Stark
- Year:
- 1 999
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Pollution 104 (1999) 207-215
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates study was performed to evaluate the chronic toxic nature of the test compound Fluorescein sodium
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fluorescein sodium
- IUPAC Name:
- Fluorescein sodium
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium 2-(3-oxo-6-oxidoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate
- EC Number:
- 208-253-0
- EC Name:
- Disodium 2-(3-oxo-6-oxidoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate
- Cas Number:
- 518-47-8
- Molecular formula:
- C20H12O5.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium 3-oxo-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diolate
- Test material form:
- other: Solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): C20-H10-O5.2Na
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 376.274 g/mol
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): c1(c2c(oc3c1ccc(c3)[O-])cc(=O)cc2)c1c(cccc1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
- InChl (if other than submission substance): 1S/C20H12O5.2Na/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)25-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)19(15)13-3-1-2-4-14(13)20(23)24;;/h1-10,21H,(H,23,24);;/q;2*+1/p-2
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- 0, 200, 250, 350, 450, and 600 mg/liter
- Sampling method: All sample concentrations were prepared by serial dilution from a freshly prepared stock solution. Stock solutions were prepared by the addition of a measured dye sample in a defined volume of RDW.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Test containers were placed on a styrofoam tray, covered with a piece of plexiglass to reduce evaporation, and held in an environmental chamber set as previously described.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- - Method: At each concentration, 100ml of test solution, prepared by serial dilution from a freshly prepared stock solution, was transferred into a 296-ml (10 oz.) SOLO1 Ultra Clear2 plastic cup. Control chambers contained 100 ml RDW only. Ten neonates were transferred into each test container using a disposable glass pipette.
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)):
All sample concentrations were prepared by serial dilution from a freshly prepared stock solution. Stock solutions were prepared by the addition of a measured dye sample in a defined volume of RDW. Each test consisted of a minimum of five log-spaced concentrations and a RDW control
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia pulex
- Strain: No data
- Source: Washington State University Research and Extension Center
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): (<24 h old)
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD):
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation:
- Method of breeding:
- Feeding during test:
- Food type: The food solution consisted of a 1:1 mixture of a yeast/cereal leaves/trout chow (YCT) solution and the green algae species Selenestrum capri- cornutum.
- Amount: No data
- Frequency: Test organisms were allowed to feed for a minimum of 2 h prior to introduction to the sample solution.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 10 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- At 10 days post-introduction, test populations were removed from the environmental chamber and the population in each cup was censused. Day 10 was chosen as the time to census because it was the minimum time necessary to guarantee a minimum of two broods for individuals in the control populations.
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 80-100 mg/liter.
- Test temperature:
- 25.0.1±°C
- pH:
- 7.4±7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data
- Details on test conditions:
- - Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations for range finding study: 0, 150, 250, 400, 600 and 800 mg/liter for range finding study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC90
- Effect conc.:
- 721 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Details on results:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
At a concentration of 600 mg/liter, a concentration corresponding to the LC83, all individuals were dead following 10-day exposure.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Fluorescein appeared to elicit a sublethal effect on the reproductive potential of surviving individuals. The LC90 was found to be 721 mg/litre for chronic study.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of dye, fluorescein sodium salt, to Daphnia pulex was assessed using chronic level toxicological study for 10days. Chronic toxicity experiments were initiated with neo-nates (<24 h old) removed from cultures and allowed to feed in a 150-ml beaker with 3 ml of food solution for a minimum of 2 h prior to introduction to the sample solutions. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the range of concentrations necessary to elicit a sublethal response. Based on these preliminary tests the series of concentration used are 0, 200, 250, 350, 450, and 600 mg/liter. Fluorescein elicits greater sublethal effects on D. pulex neonates. The reproductive potential of the censused control populations significantly (p<0.05) exceeded that of all other tested concentrations, with increasing concentration resulting in a concentration-dependent reduction in the mean number of offspring per surviving female. This was most apparent at 350 mg/liter where mean survivorship was 80%, but the mean reproductive potential was 4.65 offspring per surviving female compared to 25 offspring per surviving female in the control. Following 10-day exposure under static conditions, D. pulex neonates exposed to concentrations of fluorescein at 250 mg/liter and below did not show large declines in survivorship; however, exposure at these concentrations did result in substantial declines in the reproductive potential of surviving individuals. The concentration of fluorescein necessary to elicit even a sublethal response was quite high. Based on the results the LC90 was found to be 721 mg/litre for chronic study.
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