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EC number: 279-967-8 | CAS number: 82461-14-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Remarks:
- The test was extended from 28 to 56 days.
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 29 January to 25 March 1992
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- The test was conducted using a test design using sealed vessels, similar to what was later adopted as the OECD 310 guideline.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test duration was extended from 28 to 56 days.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The sealed vessel test is a CO2 production test based on OECD Guideline 301B and recent studies conducted by the OECD aimed at harmonising the various tests of ready biodegradability. The ready test guidelines specify a maximum test duration of 28 days. If the test duration is extended to 56 days then the test is no longer an assessment of ready and ultimate biodegradability but is indicative of inherent and ultimate biodegradability, albeit under modified ready test conditions. This version of the sealed vessel test is not a recognised OECD/EEC test of inherent biodegradability. However, the test system is closed and it is therefore suitable for the examination of volatile materials.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP Compliance statement signed on June 17, 1993
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- store at room temperature in the dark
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Secondary effluent from an unacclimatised activated sludge plant at URL North.
The inoculum used was 10% by volume of activated sludge plant secondary effluent. Filtered through a Whatman filter paper (541) to remove coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen after prior adjustment of the pH to 6.5. The test substances were added directly to the appropriate vessels with a high-quality liquid delivery syringe. The volume added (1-2 µl) is negligible compared to the total volume of 100 ml in each vessel and is not taken into consideration when determining the results. Analysis of both the headspace gas and the liquid medium for CO2/DlC was performed using an Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 56 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- inorg. C analysis
- Reference substance:
- other: mentioned but not specified
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (inorg. C analysis)
- Value:
- 28.5
- Sampling time:
- 56 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: (20.8 - 36.2) (95% Confidence Limits)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- other: partial biodegradation (10-60 % CO2 production) under modified ready test conditions
- Conclusions:
- In a biodegradability test similar to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test), test substance exhibited partial biodegradation 28.5 % (10-60% CO2 production) under modified ready test conditions.
- Executive summary:
Biodegradability was evaluated for the test substance in a test similar to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test).
The test used was based on the sealed vessel test which is suitable for determining the ready and ultimate biodegradability of organic substances. However, by extending the test duration to 56 days from 28 days it is possible to obtain an indication of the inherent biodegradability of a substance. The test is conducted in 160 ml vessels (hypo vials) containing 100 ml mineral salts medium inoculated with secondary effluent and the respective test or reference substance. Multiple vessels are prepared per substance sealed with a butyl rubber septum and an aluminium crimp seal. The headspace in each vessel has a volume of 60 ml and. When filled with air. contains approximately 6 times the mass of oxygen required for the complete oxidation of the substance.
From a knowledge of the initial organic carbon concentration added as test substance, the extent of mineralisation can be determined. Nominal carbon concentrations (unless specified otherwise) of the test substances were used based on the calculated percentage carbon (from molecular formula) and assuming 100% purity of the test compound.
The inoculum used was 10% by volume of activated sludge plant secondary effluent. Filtered through a Whatman filter paper (541) to remove coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen after prior adjustment of the pH to 6.5. The test substances were added directly to the appropriate vessels with a high-quality liquid delivery syringe. The volume added (1-2 µl) is negligible compared to the total volume of 100 ml in each vessel and is not taken into consideration when determining the results. Analysis of both the headspace gas and the liquid medium for CO2/DlC was performed using an Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser.
The air temperature during the 56 day test period was in the range of 14 - 22°C. The percentage biodegradation of the test substances is 28.5% (20.8 - 36.2) with 95% confidence limits. Test substance exhibited partial biodegradation (10-60% CO2 production) under modified ready test conditions.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 March to 8 April 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP compliance statement included: Date of Report 22/07/96, signed on 24/07/96
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum used was 10% by volume of activated sludge plant secondary effluent filtered through a Whatman filter paper (541) to remove coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen after prior adjustment of the pH to 6.5. The test substances were added directly to the appropriate vessels with a-high quality liquid delivery syringe. The volume added (1-2 µl) is negligible compared to the total volume of 100 ml in each vessel and is not taken into consideration when determining the results. Analysis of both the headspace gas and the liquid medium for CO2/DIC was performed on day numbers: 4, 8, 14, 22, 24, and 28 using an Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser and the extent of biodegradation determined.- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Secondary effluent from an unacclimatised activated sludge plant at URL North.
The inoculum used was 10% by volume of activated sludge plant secondary effluent filtered through a Whatman filter paper (541) to remove coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen after prior adjustment of the pH to 6.5. The test substances were added directly to the appropriate vessels with a-high quality liquid delivery syringe. The volume added (1-2 µl) is negligible compared to the total volume of 100 ml in each vessel and is not taken into consideration when determining the results. Analysis of both the headspace gas and the liquid medium for CO2/DIC was performed on day numbers: 4, 8, 14, 22, 24, and 28 using an Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser and the extent of biodegradation determined. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Reference substance:
- other: not specified, only reference substance mentioned
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (inorg. C analysis)
- Value:
- 21.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95%CI: -5.7 - 48.6
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a biodegradability test similar to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test), test substance was found to be not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
Biodegradability was evaluated for the test substance in a test similar to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2Evolution Test).
The test used was the sealed vessel test which is suitable for determining the ready and ultimate biodegradability of organic substances. The test is conducted in 160 ml vessels (hypo vials) containing 100 ml mineral salts medium inoculated with secondary effluent and the respective test or reference substance. Multiple vessels are prepared per substance sealed with a butyl rubber septum and an aluminium crimp seal. The headspace in each vessel has a volume of 60 ml and, when filled with air, contains approximately 6 times the mass of oxygen required for the complete oxidation of the substance.
The sealed vessels are incubated at 20“C on a rotary shaker. At intervals during the 28-day test period a vessel is removed and concentration of carbon dioxide in the headspace gas determined. The seal is then broken and the concentration of inorganic carbon in the test medium is also determined. The total inorganic carbon in the vessel is calculated and corrected by subtracting the total inorganic carbon produced in a control. The control vessels are identical to the test vessels except for the omission of the test substance. From a knowledge of the initial organic carbon concentration added as test substance. the extent of mineralisation can be determined.
Nominal carbon concentrations (unless specified otherwise) of the test substances were used based on the calculated percentage carbon (from molecular formula) and assuming 100% purity of the named compound.
From a knowledge of the initial organic carbon concentration added as test substance, the extent of mineralisation can be determined. Nominal carbon concentrations (unless specified otherwise) of the test substances were used based on the calculated percentage carbon (from molecular formula) and assuming 100% purity of the test compound.
The inoculum used was 10% by volume of activated sludge plant secondary effluent. filtered through a Whatman filter paper (541) to remove coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen after prior adjustment of the pH to 6.5. The test substances were added directly to the appropriate vessels with a-high quality liquid delivery syringe. The volume added (1-2 µl) is negligible compared to the total volume of 100 ml in each vessel and is not taken into consideration when determining the results. Analysis of both the headspace gas and the liquid medium for CO2/DIC was performed on day numbers: 4, 8, 14, 22, 24, and 28 using an Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser and the extent of biodegradation determined.
The air temperature during the 28-day test period was in the range of 18 - 22°C. The percentage biodegradation of the test substances is 21.5% (-5.7 to 48.6) with 95% confidence limits. Test substance is not readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
The air temperature during the 56 da test period was in the range of 14 - 22°C. The percentage biodegradation of the test substances is 28.5% (20.8 - 36.2) with 95% confidence limits.
The test conditions employed in this study were based on those of the ready biodegradability test with the exception that the incubation period was extended from 28 to 56 days. Because of this modification the test cannot be considered as an assessment of ready biodegradability but it is an indicator of inherent and ultimate biodegradability. However, it must be noted that this modified sealed vessel test is not an OECD/EEC method for the assessment of inherent biodegradability and the results are not comparable. However, for the modified sealed vessel test a substance was considered to classify as inherently biodegradable if the extent of biodegradation (measured as CO2 production) after 56 days was 60% or greater. This level was selected on the basis that as a pass criterium in tests of ready biodegradability 60% CO2 production is equivalent to 70% Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) removal.
The air temperature during the 28-day test period was in the range of 18 - 22 °C. The percentage biodegradation is described in the table below.
Table 5.2.1/1: Percentage biodegradation of test substances
Day |
% Biodegradation |
4 |
-2.7 |
8 |
8.2 |
14 |
4.9 |
22 |
22.4 |
24 |
32.5 |
28 |
21.5 |
95% confidence interval |
-5.7 to 48.6 |
Description of key information
OECD Guideline 301B, GLP, key study, validity 1
21.5% biodegradation after 28 days
Not readily biodegradable
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Three experimental studies are available to assess the potential biodegradation of the registered substance.
In the key study, the ready and ultimate biodegradability of the test substance was examined in a CO2 evolution test which was conducted to a method largely in accordance with the OECD 301B, and in accordance with studies aimed at harmonising tests of ready biodegradability, and was conducted to GLP standard. The study was assigned a reliability score of 1, in accordance with Klimisch (1997). The test substance was assessed to have achieved 21.5 % (95 % CL of -5.7 to 48.6) degradation after 28 days. The test substance can therefore not be considered to be readily and ulimately biodegradable.
In the supporting study, assessing the ready biodegradability of the test substance, in a modified MITI test using activated sludge, the test substance was concluded to be not readily biodegradable. No biodegradation was observed. The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD 301C guideline and to GLP standard. It is included only as supporting data as the pre-treatment of the inoculum such as in the MITI test (OECD 301C) impacts on the diversity of the microbes and hence the MITI test often gives lower levels of biodegradation than other OECD ready tests.
In a second supporting study, the biodegradability was evaluated for the test substance in a test similar to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2Evolution Test). The test used was based on the sealed vessel test which is suitable for determining the ready and ultimate biodegradability of organic substances. However, the test duration was extended to 56 days from 28 days. The air temperature during the 56 day test period was in the range of 14 - 22°C. The percentage biodegradation of the test substances is 28.5% (20.8 - 36.2) with 95% confidence limits. Test substance exhibited partial biodegradation (10-60% CO2 production) under modified ready test conditions.
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