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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 925-292-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1976
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable with restrictions because although a GLP statement and ethical approval was not available the study seemed to be well-conducted.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Shoe-makers' polyneuropathy in Italy: the aetiological problem.
- Author:
- Abbritti, G; Siracusa, A; Cianchetti, C; et al.
- Year:
- 1 976
- Bibliographic source:
- British Journal of Industrial Medicine 33:92-99.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxic polyneuropathy of shoe-industry workers: a study of 122 cases
- Author:
- Cianchetti, C; Abbritti, G; Perticoni, G; et al.
- Year:
- 1 976
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 39:1151-1161
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- neurotoxicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N-hexane
- EC Number:
- 203-777-6
- EC Name:
- N-hexane
- Cas Number:
- 110-54-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H14
- IUPAC Name:
- hexane
- Reference substance name:
- atleast 40% n-hexane
- IUPAC Name:
- atleast 40% n-hexane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): n-hexane
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
- Type: Interview , Work history, exposure to other chemicals and medical conditions that would cause neurological impairment.
STUDY PERIOD: not available
SETTING: shoe factory
STUDY POPULATION
- Total population (Total no. of persons in cohort from which the subjects were drawn): not available
- Selection criteria: Diagnosed polyneuropathy, no exposure to other chemicals, no medical conditions that would cause neurological impairment.
- Total number of subjects participating in study: 122
- Sex/age/race: not available
- Smoker/nonsmoker: not available
- Total number of subjects at end of study: 122
COMPARISON POPULATION
- Type: none - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Occupational
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Biomonitoring blood for MCV. Samples of solvent that workers are exposed to.
EXPOSURE LEVELS: not available
EXPOSURE PERIOD: not available
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD: not available
DESCRIPTION OF EXPOSURE GROUPS:
Three groups based on severity in the reduction of the MCV of the peroneal nerve.
Group I had a maximum MCV of less than 35 m/s
Group II had an MCV of 35–44 m/s
Group III had a maximum MCV of 45 m/s or greater
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No correlation was identified between severity of neuropathy and length of employment in the factory.
- Executive summary:
A group of 122 cases of polyneuropathy among workers in 72 shoe factories was evaluated for severity of neurological impairment in relation to duration of exposure to a mixture of solvents. Every worker with polyneuropathy was questioned about work experience; type of chemical material used on the job; specific job function performed at onset of disease, and in the years previous to onset of disease; symptoms; and the order of appearance and evolution of symptoms. All patients were given an electromyographic examination and were determined to be free of lifestyle or medical conditions such as diabetes and alcoholism that would cause neurological impairment. None of the subjects had a history of exposure to other chemicals that might cause neuropathy, such as lead, arsenic, carbon disulfide, or drugs such as sulfonamides.
The workers were divided into three groups based on severity in the reduction of the MCV of the peroneal nerve. Group I had a maximum MCV of less than 35 m/s; Group II had an MCV of 35–44 m/s; and Group III had a maximum MCV of 45 m/s or greater. No quantitative air measurements were taken, but samples of five glues and two cleaners from five factories in which 20 cases worked were analyzed for several solvents of interest. Six of these samples contained at least 40% n-hexane, with other solvents, such as pentane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, toluene, and cyclohexane, usually present. No correlation was identified between severity of neuropathy and length of employment in the factory.
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