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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 261-235-4 | CAS number: 58398-71-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Reasonably well-documented publication. In this study, intestinal absorption of magnesium was studied in human volunteers when administered as magnesium chloride (28Mg) and citrate (stable isotopes), constituting well soluble salts from which magnesium can be assumed to be well bioavailable. The data are used for read-across from supporting substances for evaluating oral absorption.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Intestinal absorption of magnesium in man
- Author:
- Roth, P.; Werner, E.
- Year:
- 1 979
- Bibliographic source:
- Int. J. App. Rad. Isotop. 30, 523-526
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicokinetics, oral absorption (human)
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium chloride
- EC Number:
- 232-094-6
- EC Name:
- Magnesium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7786-30-3
- IUPAC Name:
- magnesium dichloride
- Reference substance name:
- Citric acid, magnesium salt
- EC Number:
- 231-923-9
- EC Name:
- Citric acid, magnesium salt
- Cas Number:
- 7779-25-1
- IUPAC Name:
- magnesium 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium citrate
- IUPAC Name:
- Magnesium citrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):
1) 28Mg magnesium chloride
2) Magnesium citrate
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 23
- Sex: 12 males and 11 females
- Age: 24-46 years (men) and 23-43 years (women)
- Known diseases: none
No further details are given. - Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- The subjects are characterised as "volunteers" in the publication.
- Route of exposure:
- oral
- other: intravenous
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Fractional intestinal absorption of magnesium was measured by means of a whole-body counter in healthy volunteers. After an overnight fast 2-4 µCi of 28Mg (as Mg chloride) were given orally in 100 ml of deionised water.
Different amounts of stable Mg (as Mg citrate) were added to the oral test dose of 28Mg. There were 5 groups corresponding to total magnesium intakes of 0.3, 1.3, 4.2, 12.5 and 41.7 mmol, respectively. The 28Mg activity retained 5 days after the oral administration was measured with WBC. To correct for the excretion of absorbed activity within this period, a tracer dose of 28Mg was given intravenously (4 µCi 28Mg). - Examinations:
- The natural body radioactivity was counted before oral administration with the whole-body counter (WBC).
Five days after injection the retention of 28Mg was measured again with the WBC and fractional intestinal Mg absorption was calculated. - Medical treatment:
- no medication
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- no data
- Results of examinations:
- At the lowest Mg intake (0.3 mmol), fractional absorption averaged at 0.7 ± 0.11. At intakes of 1.3, 4.2, and 12.5 mmol, the corresponding values are 0.48 ± 0.09, 0.29 ± 0.05 and 0.2 ± 0.05, respectively. At the highest load studied (41.7 mmol), 0.14 ± 0.05 of the oral dose were absorbed. The absorption curve (amount absorbed vs oral intake) shows a biphasic pattern and can be broken down into a linear and a saturable component (see attached figure). Approximately 10 % of oral Mg is absorbed by the linear process, which probably reflects passive diffusion. The maximum transport capacity of the saturable process was estimated at 1.1 mmol and the half saturation load at 2.5 mmol. The saturable component probably reflects a process of facilitated diffusion, but not active transport.
- Effectivity of medical treatment:
- No medication received (not applicable).
- Outcome of incidence:
- Not applicable
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- This study suggests that, when administered as a soluble salt at doses in the physiological range (approximately 10 mmol), fractional intestinal magnesium absorption is 20 %. Absorption increases at lower doses (70 % at 0.3 mmol) and decreases at higher doses (14 % at 41.7 mmol).
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