Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication meeting basic scientific principles.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Dose-dependent genotoxic effects of styrene on human blood lymphocytes and the relationship to its oxidative and metabolic effects.
- Author:
- Chakrabarti, S. et al.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 22: 85-92
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- European risk assessment report, Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007.
- Author:
- European Union
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- European risk assessment report, Styrene CAS No. 100-42-5, EINECS No. 202-851-5, Draft for submission to SCHER, November 2007.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 479 (Genetic Toxicology: In Vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - An exogenous mammalian metabolic activation system is missing; no positive control
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Styrene
- EC Number:
- 202-851-5
- EC Name:
- Styrene
- Cas Number:
- 100-42-5
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8
- IUPAC Name:
- ethenylbenzene
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Styrene (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI)
- Analytical purity: > 99.8%
- Other: Styrene was purified by repeated distillation and purity was verified by gas chromatorgraphy. Stock solutions of styrene were freshly made.
Method
- Target gene:
- not applicable
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: human blood lymphocyte cultures
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: RPMI-1640 medium (Flow) containing 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco) and 1% phytohaemagglutinin (Wellcome)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0.001, 0.00025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1 mg/ml (corresponding to 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 µM)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- no
- Positive control substance:
- no
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 72 h
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): colcemid (0.1 µg/mL)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: At the end of lymphocyte culture, a 0.5 mL culture suspension was mixed with 0.5 mL of trypan blue solution (0.4%), and the viability was estimated by measuring the fraction of cells that excluded trypan blue taking into account of the integrity of the cell membrane.
- Statistics:
- The standard error of the mean for the data was determined by the use of binomial variances. Results were also submitted to statistical randomised design analysis of variance. Difference between treatment means was compared by a Student´s paired t-test. Difference between treatment means was also compared by Dunnett´s t-test. significance: P < 0.05
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: human blood lymphocytes
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- Styrene is able to induce a characteristic genotoxic response in vitro, as measured by the cell cycle delay and induction of SCEs. The induction of SCEs showed a significant increase with rising concentrations of styrene up to 200 µM.
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 1000 µM styrene enormous cellular mortality
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not valid
- Additional information on results:
- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
There was no significant impairment of the viability of the cells observed with styrene concentration up to 500 µM.
Counts of the first, second and third generation cells showed that the cell cycle was delayed in proportion to the concentration of styrene. Third generation cells were extremely rare. With increasing styrene concentrations, fewer cells are able to reach the second generation, whereas an increasing number of cells remain at the first generation. - Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: human blood lymphocytes
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The SCE frequency and the cell cycle length were increased linearly with increasing concnetrations of styrene up to 200 µM.
Table: In vitro genotoxic effects of styrene on human blood lymphocytes§
Treatment [µM] |
No. of subjects |
Mean SCE/cell ± SE |
% of cells (a) |
||
M1 (mean ± SE) |
M2 (mean ± SE) |
M3 (mean ± SE) |
|||
Styrene 10 |
12 |
13.0 ± 0.2* |
56 ± 3 |
44 ± 2 |
0 ± 0 |
Styrene 25 |
12 |
13.9 ± 0.6* |
60 ± 3 |
40 ± 2 |
0 ± 0 |
Styrene 50 |
12 |
14.7 ± 0.7* |
63 ± 2 |
37 ± 2 |
0 ± 0 |
Styrene 100 |
12 |
17.4 ± 0.8* |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
Styrene 200 |
12 |
22.6 ± 0.7* |
75 ± 4 |
25 ± 1 |
0 ± 0 |
Styrene 500 |
12 |
21.6 ± 0.7* |
78 ± 4 |
22 ± 1 |
0 ± 0 |
Styrene 1000 |
12 |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
N.D. |
DMSO |
12 |
6.3 ± 0.2 (b) |
51 ± 2 |
47 ± 2 |
2 ± 0.4 |
N.D.: not determined. At 1000 µM styrene, no parameters could be measured because of huge cellular mortality.
(a): Results are averages of 500 cells per individual for a total of 6000 cells.
(b): Results are averages of 200 cells per individual for a total of 2400 cells.
§: Results of each concentration were compared to those of the control using Dunnett´s t-test.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.