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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-179-5 | CAS number: 7440-70-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- other: human data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- other: high
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well-documented study on single and short-term exposure of humans to CaO. Calcium oxide is converted into calcium hydroxide in contact with water, i.e. under physiological conditions. Therefore, calcium hydroxide is intrinsically covered by the results of this study by read-across (point 1.5 of Annex XI of Regulation (EC) No.1907/2006). This is also taken into account by the SCOEL recommendation, to which the current study makes a signficant contribution.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Sensory and associated reactions to mineral dusts: Sodium borate, calcium oxide, and calcium sulfate
- Author:
- Cain, W.S.; et al.
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Occ. Environ. Hygiene, 1: 222-236
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- biological effect monitoring
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- respiratory irritation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Controlled study of early sensory nasal irritation response.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- calcium oxide, calcium dihydroxide
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium oxide, calcium dihydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Calcium oxide dust (MMAD = 6.53 ± 0.76, GSD = 2.6 ± 0.00)
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Details on study design:
- 12 male healthy volunteers (age 18-35 years) exercised against a light load while they breathed air in a dome fed with controlled dust levels of CaO of 1, 2 or 5 mg/m³ for 20 min. The parameters studied included nasal resistance, nasal secretion, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, mucociliary transport time, and chemesthetic magnitude for eyes, nose, and throat. Chemesthetic magnitude was calibrated against pungency of CO2. Subjects registered time-dependent “feel” from exposures principally in the nose, secondarily in the throat, and hardly in the eyes. Each subject served as his own control. The CaO was mixed with hydrated CaSO4 at a ratio of 10 % (w/w). The MMAD and GSD were as follows: CaO: 6.53 ± 2.6 µm, CaSO4: 8.24±2.43 µm.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Feelings were maximal in the nose, slightly lower in the throat and much lower in the eyes. The blank exposure (0 mg/m³) corresponded to about 7 % CO2 in the nose and the throat. The CaO exposures caused a steady increase in sensory irritation during the 20 min period and no steady state level was reached. In the nose, 1 and 2 mg/m³ gave rise to an equivalent effect at the end of the exposure, which corresponded to the irritation effect of about 15 % CO2. The 5 mg/m³ level had an effect equivalent to 20 % CO2. These values were significantly above the background. No significant effect occurred in nasal airway resistance, nasal secretion, or mucociliary clearance, determined by the saccharin test.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Overall, the nose was identified as the target organ in this study. Volunteers experienced some sensory irritation and “feel” at levels of 5 mg/m³ and 1-2 mg/m³, respectively.
This study was used by SCOEL for establishing OELs for lime dust. SCOEL derived a STEL of 4 mg/m³ respirable dust to prevent sensory irritation.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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