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EC number: 234-933-1 | CAS number: 12042-91-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 06-09-1996
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- No guideline followed, however, study is quite complete, no analysis was done. PH was not fixed and varied between 8.0 and 3.9, this is just the pH range in which the AL speciation varies widely, and because no analysis was done it is unknown whether the bioavailable fraction is big enough to cause effects with respect to nominal plays a role in the endpoints. Also the fact that no information on substance identity was provided does not add reliability. This makes the result not usable as keystudy
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- All replicates of each treatment received concentrations
of 0.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/l Al with or without humic substances.
Aluminum was supplied in the form of AlK (SO4)2 * 12H2O which was added to the growth media to obtain the
above concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- other: Salvina minima
- Details on test organisms:
- Salvinia plants with a total of 30 leaves were placed in each
of 12 Erlenmeyer flasks representing each treatment. Each
flask contained 125 ml of modified Hoagland solution (Hoagland and Arnon 1938), diluted 1:40 (Sela et al. 1989)
at pH 3.9. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- pH:
- 3.9-5.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10, 20 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- The plants were placed in a growth
chamber at 25C, 220 μmol m-2s-1 photon flux density, and a
14-h photoperiod.
Salvinia was grown under the above conditions for 14 days
with the growth solution being changed after seven days to
minimize algae contamination. At the end of 14 days, six randomly
selected samples of 12 total samples of each treatment
were used for dry weight and carbohydrate determination.
The other samples were used to test for chlorophyll a and b,
carotenoid and anthocyanin concentrations. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 19 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- The presence of 10.0 and 20.0 mg/l Al without humic substances
in the growth media resulted in a reduction in salvinia
growth at both the corrected and the uncorrected pH
treatments (Table 1). This reduction in the plants growth
was even greater with those grown at 20.0 mg/l in comparison
to those grown at 10.0 mg/l. The presence of Al might
cause a decrease in the uptake and transport of some of the
essential plant nutrients. Maessen et al. (1992) reported that
elevated levels of Al inhibited the uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn,
and Zn by competing for binding sites. Furthermore, Al was
shown to interfere with mitosis and cell elongation in the
root system of Allium ursinum L. (Andersson 1993) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 was calculated by the reviewer based on data in the article and single variable lineair regression (r^2 was 0.99 and p=0.012)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 was determined to be 19 mg/L AlK(SO4)*12H2O nominal. The article describes the method short but quite clear.
- Executive summary:
This study was performed with aluminium potassium sulphate. Salvinia increased the pH of the growth media within two days to near neutral pH in the absence of Al with and without humic substances. In most cases, Al in the absence of humic substances reduced salvinia growth, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, and carotenoid concentrations. Reductions were greater with increasing concentrations of Al and humic substances alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al. Also, corrected treatments (pH 3.9) influenced an increase in the above parameters for most treatments compared to uncorrected treatments (pH varied according to the treatment). Anthocyanin concentrations of salvinia increased in treatments receiving Al. The accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) increased in the presence of 20.0 mg/l Al without humic substances and decreased in treatments receiving humic substances. The EC50 was determined by the reviewer to be 19 mg/L nomimal.
Reference
Description of key information
No guideline followed, supporting study, validity 4, (Gardner and Al-Hamdani 1997, semi-static):
14 d - EC50 (growth rate) = 19 mg/L (based on nominal concentrations)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 19 mg/L
Additional information
One read-across study on aluminium potassium sulphate is available.
This study was performed with aluminium potassium sulphate. Salvinia increased the pH of the growth media within two days to near neutral pH in the absence of Al with and without humic substances. In most cases, Al in the absence of humic substances reduced salvinia growth, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, and carotenoid concentrations. Reductions were greater with increasing concentrations of Al and humic substances alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al. Also, corrected treatments (pH 3.9) influenced an increase in the above parameters for most treatments compared to uncorrected treatments (pH varied according to the treatment). Anthocyanin concentrations of salvinia increased in treatments receiving Al. The accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) increased in the presence of 20.0 mg/l Al without humic substances and decreased in treatments receiving humic substances. The EC50 was determined by the reviewer to be 19 mg/L nomimal.
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