Hydrocarbons, C13-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 2% aromatics

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

October 1990

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because only limited analyses accompanied the study. However, the study generally followed a standard guideline and GLP, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.1020 (Gammarid Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

The water accommodated fraction prepared at 10000 mg/L and the control used on Day 3 of the study were analyzed. Both samples were analyzed upon preparation and after 24 hours.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Individual treatment solutions were prepared by adding accurately weighed test substance, to 1.0 L of natural seawater in erlenmeyer flasks. The stock solutions were thoroughly mixed and the phases were allowed to separate for 24 hours. The Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then drawn off the mixing vessel into the test vessels.

Test organisms (species):

other: Chaetogammarus marinus

Details on test organisms:

Test organisms were cultured in the laboratory prior to use in the test. They had a mean length of 4.2 mm. During the test, each test organism was fed a few Artemia nauplii per day.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

15.0 degrees C (mean)

pH:

7.8 to 7.9 for new solutions and 7.7 to 8.0 for 24-hour old solutions.

Dissolved oxygen:

7.7 to 9.1 mg/L for new solutions and 6.8 to 8.5 mg/L for 24-hour old solutions.

Salinity:

33.7‰ (3.4%)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal treatment levels included the control and 10,000 mg/L. Measured concentrations were determined only for the treatment level on day 3 for the freshly prepared treatment solution and after 24 hours upon renewal. The 10,000 mg/L treatment solution analytical results were only reported for the normal paraffinic constituents, which totaled greater than the limit of detection (0.004 mg/L) in the freshly prepared exposure solution and at the limit of detection, 0.004 mg/L, in the 24-hour old exposure solution. The purpose of the analyses was to demonstrate that components of the test substance were in solution, because no effects were demonstrated in the study.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were closed scintillation vials filled with approximately 20 ml of test solution. Twenty replicates each of the treatment and control were tested, each containing 1 test organism. The test organisms were gently transferred daily to vials with freshly prepared WAF. Lighting was 16 hrs light and 8 hrs dark.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Swinning behavior and food uptake

Details on results:

Mortality results for the definitive test:
Nominal Crustacean Total
Loading Mortality Mortality
(mg/L) (@ 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs)* (%)
Control 0, 0, 0, 0 0
10,000 0, 0, 0, 0 0

Mortality results for the range-finding test:
Nominal Crustacean Total
Loading Mortality Mortality
(mg/L) (@ 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs)* (%)
Control 0, 0, 0, 0 0
1 0, 0, 0, 0 0
100 0, 0, 0, 0 0
1000 0, 0, 0, 0 0

*20 organisms tested at each of the control and treatment levels

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analyses were not conducted.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (mortality) with Chaetogammarus marinus at a loading of 10,000 mg/L after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 is reported as >10,000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 10,000 mg/L loading level after 96 hours. Therefore, the 96-hour NOELR for mortality is reported as 10,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (mortality) with Chaetogammarus marinus after 96 hours at a loading of 10,000 mg/L, the only treatment level tested. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 is reported as >10,000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 10,000 mg/L loading level after 96 hours and no effects on swimming and feeding behavior were observed. Therefore, the 96-hour NOELR for these endpoints is reported as 10,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control during the study. The control and treatment solutions were renewed every 24 hours. Analytical results showed that the treatment solution contained components of the test substance and that their combined concentration was greater than the limit of detection of the test substance, based on one sample from a freshly prepared WAF for day 3. The only components of the test substance quantitated were the normal paraffins. Threrefore, the analytical data do not characterize the solubility of the test substance from the 10,000 mg/L loading, but only serve to demonstrate that components of the test substance were in solution. The concentration of the test substance from the day three 24-hour old sample was reported at the limit of detection. The low analytical results are to be expected because of the very low water solubility of the components of the test substance. The day 3 analyses were conducted because no effects were observed during the first two days of the study and confirmation of exposure to the test substance was needed.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

March to November 1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

An equilabration study was conducted prior to the study to determine the length of time needed to develop water accommodated fractions (WAFs) at the 1000 mg/L loading level. The aqueous phase of the WAF was analyzed after 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours of stirring. In all samples, the quantity of test substance in solution was less than the limit of detection (0.5 mg/L). Further analysis of test substance in test media a loading level of 1 g/L also showed no detectable amounts of test substance. Consequently, analysis of treatment solutions from the definitive study were not conducted.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Organisms used in the test were from a laboratory culture were less than 24 hour old. The source of the culture was from ICI Brixham Laboratory from I.R.Ch.A., France.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

206 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

18 to 19 degrees C

pH:

6.9 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 to 9.1 mg/L

Salinity:

Reshwater medium

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal loading rates were 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/L. A control was also tested.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were not renewed during the study. The test systems used were 150 ml glass Erlenmeyer flasks. The control and treatment levels were evaluated in replicate test systems. Ten organisms, less than 24 hours old, were exposed in each of the control and treatment solution flasks and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

There was no immobility reported in any of the treatment solutions and control at test termination.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

Description of key information

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the Hydrocarbons, C11 -C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics did not produce a 50% effect (mortality) with Chaetogammarus marinus at a loading of 10,000 mg/L after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 is reported as >10,000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 10,000 mg/L loading level after 96 hours. Therefore, the 96-hour NOELR for mortality is reported as 10,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.

The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the Hydrocarbons, C11 -C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.