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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 219-348-1 | CAS number: 2421-28-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Correlation study of experimentally-determined air concentrations with worker symptoms as reported by questionnaire. Work environment consisted of exposure to a mixture of chemicals, so correlations with the registered substance only cannot be made.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 975
- Report date:
- 1975
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: biological effect and biological exposure monitoring
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This health hazard evaluation included environmental air measurements of epoxy powder concentrations, medical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests and skin patch tests.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzophenone-3,3':4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- EC Number:
- 219-348-1
- EC Name:
- Benzophenone-3,3':4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- Cas Number:
- 2421-28-5
- Molecular formula:
- C17H6O7
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- An epoxy powder containing 70% isopropylidene diphenol epichlorohydrin (resin) and 29% benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (hardener).
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- NIOSH has internal ethics standards policy
- Details on study design:
- Preliminary Survey: during a preliminary survey of the epoxy powder spraying operations, eight samples of dust were collected and analysed. Twenty-two employees were interviewed about problems with their work environment. A follow-up survey was deemed necessary to be carried out.
An environmental and medical survey was conducted. Breathing zone and work area samples were collected using PVC filters and MSA vacuum pumps operating at 1.5 liters per minute. The filters were analyzed for total dust and the respirable fraction of the dust. Twenty-two representative male employees were evaluated. The workers served as their own controls. A questionnaire (modified British Medical Research Council questionnaire) was administered, with 3 shorter questionnaires given later. Pulmonary function tests were performed on all participants before and after their shifts. This included forced expiratory volume maneuvers requiring 3 values reproducible within 5%. A waterless high fidelity spirometer was utilized. Graphs provided the following parameters: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)and forced vital capacity (FVC). Predicted values were derived from formulae based on the data of the VA-Army Cooperative study (1974). Cutaneous patch testing was carried out using 2 epoxy resins solutions and an acetone control on 5 employees who stated they had previously had dermatitis and 3 control employees. All 3 test solutions were pretested on male albino rabbits, and rabbit skin irritation indices were developed.
A follow-up medical survey was conducted on 14 men who were judged to be most symptomatic after exposure. Repeat pulmonary function testing occurred to determine the presence or absence of chronic residual pulmonary dysfunction.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The epoxy powder containing BTDA was not toxic to workers at the concentration measured during normal operating conditions. Seven of 22 men surveyed reported persistent cough, phlegm production and shortness of breath, but all but one demonstrated normal pulmonary function tests. All employees who underwent patch testing showed negative results (although there were reports that the patch may not have been adequately attached due to the employees movement and perspiration).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Seven of the men surveyed (5 smokers and 2 non-smokers) gave a history of development of chest symptoms after exposure to epoxy powder. These included sore throat, dry throat, stuffy nose, runny nose, chest discomfort, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cough. Their pulmonary function tests revealed no significant acute changes in FVC or FEV1 over the course of the day during which time they developed these symptoms.
Personal air sample measurements ranged from 0.89 mg/M3 to 1.53 mg/M3, the two bulk air samples for total dust ranged from 0.80 mg/M to 2.51 mg/M3. No data was available on particle size.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A health hazard evaluation study was conducted in a workplace utilizing epoxy powder containing isopropylidene diphenol epichlorhydren and BTDA. Quantitative air measurements were made, and a medical questionnaire, pulmonary function testing and dermal irritation and sensitisation testing was undertaken on 22 representative employees. The epoxy powder was found to be present at low concentrations, and was not associated with demonstrable acute or chronic pulmonary toxicity in workers at the concentration measured during normal operating conditions.
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