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EC number: 216-957-4 | CAS number: 1708-29-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test substance was corrosive to the skin and eye in all studies performed (skin 3x, eye 1x). The test substance was irritating to the respiratory tract in an GLP compliant, OECD 412 guideline, repeated dose inhalation toxicity study.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-guideline study, non-GLP, available as unpublished report, limitations in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Two Vienna White rabbits were treated for 3 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours, respectively, with the test substance under occlussive conditions. After the application time, the skin was washed with Lutrol or Lutrol/water (1:1) and animals were observed for 8 days.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: M.Gaukler, 6050 Offenbach
- Weight at study initiation: 3.1, 2.9, 3.6 kg for 4 h, 1 h and 3 min test respectively
- Diet: ad libitum, standard diet Sniff K, standard diet for rabbits and guinea pigs
- Water: ad libitum - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 min, 1 h and 4 h
- Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 2 per exposure time
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: dorsal skin (2 x 2 cm)
- Type of wrap if used: rubber sheet, fixed with adhesive bandage
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: Lutrol or lutrol/water 1:1 w/w
- Time after start of exposure: 3 min, 1 h or 4 h
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
- immediately after exposure, and at 1, 2, and 8 days after exposure - Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 4 hour exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 4 hour exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 2.5
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1 hour exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1 hour exposure
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 2.75
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3 minutes
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 and 2 days
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3 minutes
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- - 3 minute test: Immediately after exposure slight erythema and edema was observed. One and two days after exposure severe erythema, strong to severe edema and necrosis was observed. After 8 days severe edema, slight erythema and necrosis was observed.
- 1 hour test: severe erythema and necrosis were observed at all time points in both animals. Immediately after exposure slight edema was observed. One and two days after exposure strong to severe edema was observed. Eight days after exposure slight edema was observed in one animal.
- 4 hour test: slight edema, severe erythema and necrosis were observed at all time points in both animals. - Other effects:
- No systemic effects observed.
- Interpretation of results:
- corrosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-guideline study, non-GLP, available as unpublished report, limitations in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- According to internal BASF guideline
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 8 days
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 1
- Remarks on result:
- other: Irreversible effects on the eye were observed 8 days after exposure
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- After 1 hour: Chemosis, conjunctivae and slight corneal opacity were observed.
After 24 hours: Chemosis, conjunctivae and corneal opacity were observed.
After 8 days: Conjunctivae, slight corneal opacity and scars were observed. - Interpretation of results:
- corrosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Skin irritation/corrosion
Three studies are available in which the potential to cause irritation/corrosion to the skin was evaluated. In the first study (BASF 1979) two Vienna White rabbits were treated for 3 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours, respectively, with 2,5-dihydrofuran under occlusive conditions. After the application time, the skin was washed with Lutrol or Lutrol/water (1:1) and animals were observed for 8 days. Severe erythema, strong to severe edema and necrosis were observed in all exposure groups within 1 to 2 days after exposure. Effects were not fully reversible within 8 days. It was therefore concluded that the test substance is corrosive to the skin. In the second study (BASF 1959) one rabbit was treated for 1 minute, 15 minutes or 20 hours, respectively, with 2,5-dihydrofuran. Slight redness and scaling were observed after 1 minute of exposure. Slight redness and slight edema were observed 24 hours after exposure, and scaling and crusts were observed within 8 days of exposure, in animals exposed for 15 minutes. In animals exposed for 20 hours necrosis was observed 24 hours after exposure. In a third study (EKCO 1963) guinea pigs were exposed to 2,5-hydrofuran. Staining, moderate edema, erythema, and necrosis was observed. Small eschars or scarring was observed 1 week after exposure.
Eye irritation
The potential to cause damage to the eye was assessed in a study (BASF 1959) in which rabbits were subjected to 2,5-hydrofuran. Chemosis, conjunctivae, and corneal opacity was observed from 1 hour after the start of exposure. These effects were not fully reversible within 8 days. In addition, scars were observed 8 days after exposure.
Respiratory irritation
In a GLP compliant OECD 412 guideline repeated dose inhalation toxicity study, five Sprague Dawley rats per sex per dose were exposed to 125, 400 or 1250 ppm. Exposure-related changes observed in the nasal passages consisted of squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium, degeneration of the olfactory epithelium, and serocellular exudate in the middle or dorsal meatus for the 400 and 1250 ppm groups. Based on this it was concluded that the substance is respiratory irritating.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Three studies are available in which the potential to cause irritation/corrosion to the skin was evaluated. The study in which the most relevant exposure times were used was chosen as key study.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
One study is available in which the potential to cause eye damage was evaluated. This study is adequate for covering this endpoint.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive
Effects on eye irritation: corrosive
Effects on respiratory irritation: irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the corrosive skin effects observed 1 to 2 days after exposure in animals that were exposed for 3 minutes, 2,5-hydrofuran has to be classified as Skin corrosive: Cat 1B: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage in with accordance EU Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. 1272/2008 and C: R34: Causes burns in accordance with Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD).
Based on the corrosive eye effects observed 2,5-hydrofuran has to be classified as Eye damage 1: H318: Causes serious eye damage in accordance with EU Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. 1272/2008 and Xi: R41: Risk of serious damage to eyes in accordance with Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD).
Based on the potential to cause repiratory irritation 2,5-hydrofuran has to be classified as STOT 3: H335: May cause respiratory irritation in accordance with EU Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. 1272/2008 and Xi: R37: Irritating to the respiratory system in accordance with Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD).
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