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EC number: 200-076-7 | CAS number: 51-03-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Remarks:
- adsorption/desorption
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EPA Guideline, Subdivision N, Section 163-1
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- HPLC estimation method
- Media:
- soil
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Test temperature:
- room temperature
- Details on study design: HPLC method:
- Extraction of soil samples:
Extract 1: Sonicated with acetonitrile (20 mL) for 15 min at room temperature, shaken for 15 min at room temperature and centrifuged for 20 min at 2000 rpm.
Extract 2: as extract 1
Extract 3: as extract 1, using acetonitrile/water (1:3 by volume)
Extract 4: as extract 3.
Adsorption:
Aliquots (100 µL) of adsorption supernatants from the additional vessel prepared at a concentration of 4.0 mg 14C-Piperonyl Butoxide/L for all soil types removed after the adsorption phase were analysed by HPLC. Possible degradation of the test substance was investigated. The actual concentration of Piperonyl Butoxide was calculated from the solution data and the equilibrium concentration of Piperonyl Butoxide adsorbed to soil was obtained from soil extract data. The remainder of the soil samples at different concentrations was used to generate the Freundlich
adsorption isotherm.
Desorption:
Representative pools (10 % by volume) of supernatants removed after the second desorption from the two vessels remaining for each soil type at a concentration of 4.0 mg/L of the test substance were made. Aliquots (100 µL) of these pools were also analysed by HPLC.
After the second desorption phase had been carried out on duplicate samples of the 4 soils at a concentration of 4.0 mg/L of the test substance each soil was solvent extracted.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography:
Injector: Waters model U6K, Pump: Spectra Physics SP8800 or Waters 600E Multisolvent delivery system, Column oven/heater: RD30-99 Kariba or Waters 680, Radiodetector: Ramona-5 or B-RAM-2A fitted with 400 µL CaF2 (x-cell) detector cell
Method A (reverse phase) Method B (normal phase)
Column Zorbax ODS (ZODS-250A) 250 x 4.6 mm Exsil 100-5 (EX-S-250A) 250 x 4.6 mm
Temperature 40°C ambient
Mobile phase A: 0.1M ammonium formate (pH 4)
B: acetonitrile A: ethylene acetate B: hexane
Flow rate 1.5 mL/min 1.5 mL/min
Gradient Time %A %B Time %A %B
0 98 2 0 5 95
35 0 100 15 10 90
45 0 100 30 50 50
50 98 2 45 100 0 - Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- >= 687 - <= 8 103 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 2 506.5 L/kg
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: arithmetic mean
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The Koc values in six soils varied between 687 to 8103 mL/g. The arithmetic mean of 2506.5 L/kg (n=6) is proposed to be used for risk assessment purposes.
Reference
4.4 Calculations |
|
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4.4.1 Ka , Kd |
- not determined due to a low adsorption |
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4.4.2 Kaoc, Kdoc |
- not determined due to a low adsorption |
The preliminary test showed that a 24-h equilibrium time was optimum for Piperonyl Butoxide sorption. Desorption time also lasted 24 h. Pilot experimentation with different soil : solution ratios showed that Piperonyl Butoxide was moderately well absorbed to soil. A low ratio of 10:1 corresponding to 2 g soil was therefore chosen.
Furthermore the data showed that a small amount of the test substance was degraded during the equilibrium phases. The results of the no soil control experiment indicated there was some adsorption of radioactivity to glass at the higher concentrations of the test substance.
The mean recovery of radioactivity from all soils after adsorption and two desorption equilibrations was 104.2 ± 9.5 % sd of that applied. Piperonyl Butoxide was not significantly degraded in the presence of all soil types after the equilibration periods. Due to the exhaustive extraction procedure it was assumed that radioactivity not extracted from the soil was not Piperonyl Butoxide.
The Freundlich adsorption constants Karanged from 0.98 to 29.87, showing that Piperonyl Butoxide was moderately adsorbed to the range of soils tested. Adsorption constants for sandy loam, clay loam and silt loam appear to correlate reasonably well with soil organic content. With the low organic carbon sand, the extent of adsorption was greater than would have been expected from consideration of soil organic carbon content alone, showing that other mechanisms are contributing to the adsorption.
HPLC analysis of soil extracts and aqueous solutions after desorption showed that Piperonyl Butoxide was only partially degraded. The proportion of Piperonyl Butoxide in soil extracts ranged from 70.9 % - 95.2 % of sample radioactivity. The proportion of Piperonyl Butoxide in aqueous solution ranged from 52.2 % - 76.2 % of sample radioactivity.
For each soil type the Kdvalue for the first desorption was greater than the Kavalue for adsorption except of sand and sandy loam. No desorption isotherms were calculated for sand due to the low adsorption of Piperonyl Butoxide on sand. The Kdvalue for the second desorption was greater than the Kdvalue for the first desorption soil except for sandy loam. For these three other soils this indicated that Piperonyl Butoxide was only weakly desorbed.
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 2 506.5
Additional information
Piperonyl Butoxide was moderately well adsorbed to the sandy loam, silt loam, clay loam soils and only weakly to sand. Based on the results, Piperonyl Butoxide can be classified as having a low to moderate potential for mobility in sandy loam, clay loam and silt loam and a high mobility in sand.
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