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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-524-2 | CAS number: 122-14-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.09 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2.33 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for activity (*6.7/10) and breathing rate (*1/0.38) to give a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 2.33 mg/m3. As oral absorption is demonstrated to be almost complete, additional correction for the extent of inhalation absorption is not required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: the starting point is derived from a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: extrapolation from sub-chronic to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required: already taken into account in derivation of the corrected starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.07 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (essentially complete) and dermal absorption (20% worst case) to give a corrected dermal NOAEL of 6.60 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: extrapolation from sub-chronic study to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is from a rat study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance:
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic by the oral route, is not an irritant, but is a moderate skin sensitiser and classified as a skin sensitiser in Cat 1B. The critical effect of fenitrothion toxicity is the inhibition of cholinesterase activity; classification in STOT SE1 and STOT RE1 is proposed on the basis of the effects of fenitrothion on the nervous system. The relevant starting point for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d for cholinesterase inhibition derived from the 90 -day oral rat study.
Inhalation DNELs
Systemic inhalation DNELs
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for activity (*6.7/10) and breathing rate (*1/0.38) to give a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 2.33 mg/m3. As oral absorption is demonstrated to be almost complete, additional correction for the extent of inhalation absorption is not required. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for additional interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall AF of 25. Application of the AF to the corrected starting point results in a long-term inhalation DNEL for workers of 0.09 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic inhalation DNEL
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic and is classified for acute oral toxicity. Classification for STOT SE1 is also proposed; therefore fenitrothion is considered to be 'high hazard' according to Appendix 3 of ECHA Practical Guide 15. The critical toxicological effect of fenitrothion is on the nervous system (inhibition of cholinesterase activity). A clear NOAEL for cholinesterase inhibition has not been demonstrated in a single dose study; therefore a separate short-term DNEL cannot be reliably derived. As a protective measure the short-term inhalation DNEL is therefore set at the level of the long-term inhalation DNEL, which is set on the basis of the same critical effect (cholinesterase inhibition).
Local inhalation DNELs
Fenitrothion is not a respiratory irritant or respiratory sensitiser; therefore no relevant hazard is identified. Local inhalation DNELs are not derived.
Dermal DNELs
Systemic dermal DNELs
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (essentially complete) and dermal absorption (20% worst case) to give a corrected dermal NOAEL of 6.60 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for additional interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall AF of 100. Application of the AF to the corrected starting point results in a long-term dermal DNEL for workers of 0.07 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic DNEL
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic and is classified for acute oral toxicity. Classification for STOT SE1 is also proposed; therefore fenitrothion is considered to be 'high hazard' according to Appendix 3 of ECHA Practical Guide 15. The critical toxicological effect of fenitrothion is on the nervous system (inhibition of cholinesterase activity). A clear NOAEL for cholinesterase inhibition has not been demonstrated in a single dose study; therefore a separate short-term DNEL cannot be reliably derived. As a protective measure the short-term dermal DNEL is therefore set at the level of the long-term dermal DNEL, which is set on the basis of the same critical effect (cholinesterase inhibition).
Local dermal DNELs
Local dermal DNELs are not derived; a qualitative risk assessment is proposed. Fenitrothion is not classified for skin corrosion or skin irritation, but is a moderate skin sensitiser and classified for skin sensitisation in CLP Category 1B and is therefore considered to be moderate hazard according to ECHA Guidance (Appendix 3 of Practical Guide 3).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.02 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.15 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for breathing rate (*1/1.15) to give a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 1.15 mg/m3. As oral absorption is demonstrated to be almost complete, additional correction for the extent of inhalation absorption is not required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: the starting point is derived from a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: extrapolation from sub-chronic to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required: already taken into account in derivation of the corrected starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.03 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (essentially complete) and dermal absorption (20% worst case) to give a corrected dermal NOAEL of 6.60 mg/kg bw/d.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: extrapolation from sub-chronic study to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is from a rat study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: General Population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.007 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The starting point is derived from an oral study and does not therefore required modification.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: extrapolation from sub-chronic study to long-term exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: starting point is from a rat study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default AF value from ECHA guidance: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic by the oral route, is not an irritant, but is a moderate skin sensitiser and classified as a skin sensitiser in Cat 1B. The critical effect of fenitrothion toxicity is the inhibition of cholinesterase activity; classification in STOT SE1 and STOT RE1 is proposed on the basis of the effects of fenitrothion on the nervous system. The relevant starting point for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d for cholinesterase inhibition derived from the 90 -day oral rat study.
Inhalation DNELs
Systemic inhalation DNELs
Long-term systemic inhalation DNEL
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for breathing rate (*1/1.15) to give a corrected inhalation NOAEC of 1.15 mg/m3. As oral absorption is demonstrated to be almost complete, additional correction for the extent of inhalation absorption is not required. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for additional interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall AF of 25. Application of the AF to the corrected starting point results in a long-term inhalation DNEL for the general population of 0.02 mg/m3.
Short-term systemic inhalation DNEL
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic and is classified for acute oral toxicity. Classification for STOT SE1 is also proposed; therefore fenitrothion is considered to be 'high hazard' according to Appendix 3 of ECHA Practical Guide 15. The critical toxicological effect of fenitrothion is on the nervous system (inhibition of cholinesterase activity). A clear NOAEL for cholinesterase inhibition has not been demonstrated in a single dose study; therefore a separate short-term DNEL cannot be reliably derived. As a protective measure the short-term inhalation DNEL is therefore set at the level of the long-term inhalation DNEL, which is set on the basis of the same critical effect (cholinesterase inhibition).
Local inhalation DNELs
Fenitrothion is not a respiratory irritant or respiratory sensitiser; therefore no relevant hazard is identified. Local inhalation DNELs are not derived.
Dermal DNELs
Systemic dermal DNELs
Long-term systemic dermal DNEL
The starting point of 1.32 mg/kg bw/d from a 90-day oral rat study is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (essentially complete) and dermal absorption (20% worst case) to give a corrected dermal NOAEL of 6.60 mg/kg bw/d. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for additional interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall AF of 200. Application of the AF to the corrected starting point results in a long-term dermal DNEL for the general population of 0.03 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic DNEL
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic and is classified for acute oral toxicity. Classification for STOT SE1 is also proposed; therefore fenitrothion is considered to be 'high hazard' according to Appendix 3 of ECHA Practical Guide 15. The critical toxicological effect of fenitrothion is on the nervous system (inhibition of cholinesterase activity). A clear NOAEL for cholinesterase inhibition has not been demonstrated in a single dose study; therefore a separate short-term DNEL cannot be reliably derived. As a protective measure the short-term dermal DNEL is therefore set at the level of the long-term dermal DNEL, which is set on the basis of the same critical effect (cholinesterase inhibition).
Local dermal DNELs
Local dermal DNELs are not derived; a qualitative risk assessment is proposed. Fenitrothion is not classified for skin corrosion or skin irritation, but is a moderate skin sensitiser and classified for skin sensitisation in CLP Category 1B and is therefore considered to be moderate hazard according to ECHA Guidance (Appendix 3 of Practical Guide 3).
Oral DNELs
Systemic oral DNELs
Long-term systemic oral DNEL
The starting point is derived from an oral study and does not therefore required modification. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for additional interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) are combined to give an overall AF of 200. Application of the AF to the starting point results in a long-term oral DNEL for the general population of 0.007 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term systemic oral DNEL
Fenitrothion is acutely toxic and is classified for acute oral toxicity. Classification for STOT SE1 is also proposed; therefore fenitrothion is considered to be 'high hazard' according to Appendix 3 of ECHA Practical Guide 15. The critical toxicological effect of fenitrothion is on the nervous system (inhibition of cholinesterase activity). A clear NOAEL for cholinesterase inhibition has not been demonstrated in a single dose study; therefore a separate short-term DNEL cannot be reliably derived. As a protective measure the short-term oral DNEL is therefore set at the level of the long-term oral DNEL, which is set on the basis of the same critical effect (cholinesterase inhibition).
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