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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Additional information

γ-nonalactone is a linear saturated 4-hydroxycarboxylic acid derived-lactone with 9 carbons. γ-decalactone and  γ-undecalactone are structurally similar compounds of aliphatic lactones with 10 and 11 carbons, respectively. These substance are considered adequate for read-across purpose.

A compilation of QSAR results and available experimental values was made for these three lactones. QSAR results were obtained with ECOSAR v1.11 model (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships), which is a computerized predictive system that estimates a chemical's acute and chronic toxicities to aquatic organisms such as fish, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants by using computerized Structure Activity Relationships (SARs).

A correlation between the chemical acute toxicity on each aquatic trophic level (fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae) and the number of carbons was observed, showing that the aquatic toxicity (whatever the organism) increased with the carbon chain length (See " Read-Across justification for γ-lactones" document in Chapter 13).

For γ-nonalactone, the key values used for the chemical safety assessment are summarised in the table below.

Organism

EC50/LC50

EC10

Flag / reliability

Comments

Reference in IUCLID

Acute

Aquatic algae

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

72h: 63.5 mg/L

72h: 23.2 mg/L

K/2

Experimental result

104-61-0, Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria, Graham, 2012, RS, K

Aquatic invertebrates

Daphnia magna

48h: 59.6 mg/L

-

K/2

Experimental result

104-61-0, Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates, Caspers and Müller, 1999, RS, K

Fish

-

96h: 50.55 mg/L

-

-

Interpolation.

Log 96h-LC50 = 0.4581*number of carbon + 5.8266

-

In acute conditions, the most sensitive species for γ-nonalactone is fish with an estimated LC50 of 50.55 mg/L.

In accordance with column 2 of REACH annex IX, further testing on the long-term effects on aquatic organisms does not need to be conducted as the chemical safety assessment does not indicate a need for further investigation.

For toxicity to microorganisms, a weight of evidence approach was used with three studies. γ-nonalactone was not considered toxic to microorganisms.