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EC number: 242-354-0 | CAS number: 18472-51-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Study type:
- direct photolysis
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline draft (Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water - Direct and Indirect Photolysis)
- Version / remarks:
- August 2000
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- During the kinetic study, the temperature was > 30 °C for 4 hours, due to breakdown of the cooling aggregate of the thermostat.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Dr. U. Noack Laboratorien
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Analytical method:
- high-performance liquid chromatography
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: at test start and at 10 spaced points over 15 d
Buffer solution was analysed to exclude possible analytical interferences with the test item. - Buffers:
- - pH: 7
- Type and final molarity of buffer: 0.06 mol/L KH2PO4
- Composition of buffer: 500 mL 0.1 mol/L of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4) in double distilled water and 291 mL 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH), bubbled with air for 5 min and adjusted to pH 7 with 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide. - Light spectrum: wavelength in nm:
- 280 - 800
- Details on light source:
- - Light intensity at sample and area irradiated: 3140 μEinstein / s m2
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature: 26.2°C (mean)
The temperature was > 30 °C for 4 hours during the study, due to breakdown of the cooling aggregate of the thermostat. Due to this, illumination was stopped for an hour until the aggregate worked on. This interruption was taken into account for evaluation.
- Test concentration: 50 mg/L in kinetic study, 250 mg/L in scan for transformation products (both related to Chlorhexidine digluconate Solution 20%)
REPLICATION
- No. of replicates (irradiated): 1 for each measuring time point - Reference substance:
- no
- Dark controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test and actinometer solution, not irradiated
- Preliminary study:
- The theoretical maximum photolysis loss over a 30 day/night period at latitude 50°N was calculated to be 100 %.
- Quantum yield (for direct photolysis):
- 7.353
- DT50:
- > 69.1 d
- Test condition:
- in winter, 50° N, near surface
- Transformation products:
- yes
- Details on results:
- Three additional signals at RRT (relative retention time based on Chlorhexidine) 0.406, 0.761 and 0.827 were observed at all sampling intervals. All detected signals were < 10 % of the initial Chlorhexidine signal and therefore no major degradation products were determined.
A possible structure of the degradation product at RRT 0.827 (most intense signal) was postulated: N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-[6-({imino¬[(iminomethylene)amino] methyl}amino)hexyl]imidodicarbonimidic diamide.
For the degradation product at RRT 0.406 mass signals at 212.2 and 273.3 Da and for the degradation product at RRT 0.761 mass signals at 503.2, 354.3 and 252.3 Da were observed. No structures were postulated for these signals. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Direct photolysis rate constants and half lives for near surface clear natural water during spring, summer, fall, and winter at latitude 50° N were estimated based on the laboratory data. The estimated half-lifes were between 8.6 d in summer and 69.1 d in winter. A reaction rate for natural water bodies was not determined. Under natural conditions photolysis occurs exclusively near the water surface. In deeper water layers photolysis is inhibited by dullness and light disperion. Therefore, the determined reaction rates cannot be adopted for environmental half-lifes.
Reference
Photolysis Results for the PNAP Actinometer; laboratory conditions (Simulated sunlight, 3140 µmol photons / s m2)
Photolysis time |
Concentration |
0.00 |
3.26 |
17.50 |
2.57 |
91.92 |
1.78 |
113.42 |
1.60 |
140.83 |
1.26 |
185.08 |
0.795 |
262.50 |
0.503 |
283.25 |
0.537 |
354.92 |
0.358 |
Hydrolysis Results forChlorhexidine Digluconate Solution 20 %(dark control)
Photolysis time |
Concentration |
0.00 |
43.8 |
91.92 |
57.2 |
140.83 |
55.7 |
262.50 |
56.4 |
283.25 |
55.6 |
308.50 |
57.4 |
354.92 |
58.7 |
Photolysis Results forChlorhexidine Digluconate Solution 20 %; laboratory conditions (Simulated sunlight, 3140 µmol photons / s m2)
Photolysis time |
Concentration |
ln Concentration |
0.00 |
43.8 |
3.780 |
17.50 |
53.3 |
3.976 |
42.42 |
48.5 |
3.882 |
91.92 |
40.7 |
3.706 |
113.42 |
38.7 |
3.656 |
140.83 |
23.6 |
3.161 |
185.08 |
21.1 |
3.049 |
262.50 |
8.82 |
2.177 |
283.25 |
11.5 |
2.442 |
308.50 |
5.14 |
1.637 |
354.92 |
0.822 |
-0.196* |
*) = Outlier, not taken into account for evaluation
Estimated Direct Photolysis Rate Constants of Chlorhexidine Digluconate Solution 20 % in Near Surface Clear Natural Water at Latitude 50° N:
|
Spring |
Summer |
Fall |
Winter |
Rate constant [1/h] |
2.101 · 10-3 |
3.369 · 10-3 |
1.046 · 10-3 |
4.177 · 10-4 |
Half-life t1/2[d] |
13.7 |
8.6 |
27.6 |
69.1 |
Description of key information
Direct photolysis rate constants and half-lives for near surface clear natural water during spring, summer, fall, and winter at latitude 50° N were estimated based on the laboratory data. The estimated half-lifes were between 8.6 d in summer and 69.1 d in winter. A reaction rate for natural water bodies was not determined. Under natural conditions photolysis occurs exclusively near the water surface. In deeper water layers photolysis is inhibited by dullness and light dispersion. Therefore, the determined reaction rates cannot be adopted for environmental half-lives.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in water:
- 8.6 d
Additional information
The value for summer is reported as key value.
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