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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-10-03 to 2018-11-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted April 13, 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 23, Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures
- Version / remarks:
- 2000
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Frequency:
At the start (t=0 h) and the end of the test (t=48 h).
Concentrations:
Samples for analysis were taken from all concentrations and the control, immediately before transfer to the individual replicates. Care was taken not to include any floating layer, test item film or undissolved material in separate vessels.
At the end of the test, samples were taken from the approximate center of the pooled solutions of the vessels at each concentration.
Number of samples:
Sampling consisted of single samples per treatment.
Volume:
2 mL per sample;
Storage:
Samples were stored in a freezer (=-15°C) until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Water Accommodated Fractions were prepared:
Individual loading rates were vigorously agitated on a magnetic stirrer for 6 days. On day 3 of stirring, pH was measured in case adjustment would be necessary (no adjustment was necessary: pH of 8.0 ± 0.3). After 6 days of stirring, the obtained mixtures were allowed to settle for 1 day in order to allow separation of phases. Thereafter, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were collected by means of siphoning over glasswool (put into a funnel). Glasswool filtering was necessary to avoid a positive Tyndall effect. Glasswool was pre-saturated with the test item beforehand. No Tyndall effect was observed in any prepared solution, and solutions were clear and colourless at the end of the preparation procedure.
Thereafter, the aqueous WAFs were used as test concentrations.
Based on preliminary results, the period of 6 days of stirring was used to ensure that
a) Concentration of the relevant transition metal stabilizes at the pH 8.0 ± 0.3 used for ecotoxicity testing to prevent any precipitation during the test;
b) Saturation of the aquatic phase with organic hydrolysis products stemming from aromatic phosphites is obtained. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) (Straus, 1820), at least third generation, obtained by a cyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions.
Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history.
Reason for selection: This system has been selected as an internationally accepted invertebrate species.
Validity of batch: Daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress (such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discolored animals) and there was no delay
in the production of the first brood.
Characteristics Daphnia: less than 24 hours old, from parental daphnids of more than two weeks old.
BREEDING
Start of each batch: Approximately 250 newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, are placed into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
Maximum age of the cultures: 4 weeks
Renewal of the cultures: After 7 days of cultivation half of the medium twice a week.
Temperature of medium: 18-22°C
Feeding: Daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
Culture medium: M7, as prescribed by Dr. Elendt-Schneider (Elendt, B.-P., 1990: Selenium deficiency in Crustacea. An ultrastructural approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus. Protoplasma 154, 25-33). - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- The hardness of test medium expressed as CaCO3: 180 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C (± 1 °C)
- pH:
- pH of 8.0 ± 0.3.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- = 3 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A combined range-finding and limit test was performed, with the following individually prepared water accommodated fractions (WAF, based on nominal loading rate):
1.0 mg/L; 10 mg/L; 100 mg/L
Please see IUCLID section "Any other information on results incl. tables" below for information on analytical results. - Details on test conditions:
- Please see IUCLID section "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" below for details.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Remarks:
- Based on Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) approach
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Remarks:
- Based on Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) approach
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Remarks:
- Based on Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) approach
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- See IUCLID section "Any other information on results incl. tables" for details.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 24 h EC50 for potassium dichromate was in the recommended range of 0.6 to 2.1 mg/L according to OECD 202.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable - no effects observed.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was tested according to OECD 202 compliant with GLP. Due to the nature of Step 2 catalyst (UVCB), according to OECD 23 water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared.
Result: EL0 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) = 100 mg/L;
EL10 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L;
EL50 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was tested according to OECD 202 compliant with GLP. The test organism was Daphnia magna (Straus). Due to the nature of Step 2 catalyst (UVCB), according to OECD 23 water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared and a combined range finding and limit test conducted. WAFs were prepared at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L nominal loading: individual loading rates were vigorously agitated on a magnetic stirrer for 6 days. Based on preliminary results, the period of 6 days of stirring was used to ensure that
a) Concentration of the relevant transition metal stabilizes at the pH 8.0 ± 0.3 used for ecotoxicity testing to prevent any precipitation during the test;
b) Saturation of the aquatic phase with organic hydrolysis products stemming from aromatic phosphites is obtained.
The presence of any non-dissolved test item fraction could be excluded before testing by measuring the Tyndall effect.
Analytical monitoring was performed for the relevant transition metal (ICP-MS) as well as the organic fraction (UPLC-UV at 210 nm). At the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L transition metal concentration was stable over the 48 hours of the test. A Step 2 catalyst concentration equivalent of 23.6 mg/L was found in freshly prepared WAF (after 6 days of stirring and one day settling period) and 99% of this initial concentration was recovered after 48 hours (23.5 mg/L). This is equivalent to transition metal concentrations at 0 h and 48 hours of 189 µg/L and 188 µg/L, respectively.
With regard to the organic fraction monitored via UPLC-UV at 210 nm, an initial Step 2 catalyst concentration equivalent of 126 mg/L was measured at the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L. This increased during 48 hours of incubation by 25%. The reason for this increase is not clear. It could be due to further abiotic transformations (hydrolysis / oxidation) during the test. The results confirm in any case that WAF preparation succeeded in a relevant organic fraction present at the beginning and during the test.
For all concentrations tested (including the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L) neither in control groups nor in treatment groups any immobilizations or other effects could be determined.
Result:
Result: EL0 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) = 100 mg/L;
EL10 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L;
EL50 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L
Reference
These data are based on results from draft report and will be amended as soon as the final report will have been issued.
Details on Biological Data:
No immobility was observed in the control and at any test concentration throughout the test (see table below).
Time (h) |
Replicate |
Step 2 Catalyst (Stripped) |
|||
Control |
1.0 |
10 |
100 |
||
0 |
A |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
B |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
C |
5 |
|
|
5 |
D |
5 |
5 |
|||
Total introduced |
20 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
|
24 |
A |
0 |
0 (1) |
0 (1) |
0 |
|
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
C |
0 |
|
|
0 |
D |
0 |
0 |
|||
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
48 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
C |
0 |
|
|
0 |
D |
0 |
0 |
|||
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
( ) between brackets: number of daphnids observed trapped at the surface of the test solutions. These organisms were reimmersed into the respective solutions before recording of mobility.
Details on Analytical Data
1) Analysis of the relevant transition metal by ICP-MS
Time of sampling hours |
Date of sampling |
Date of analysis |
Loading rate (WAF) [mg/L] |
Concentration test item analysed [mg/L] |
Relative to initial [%] |
Transition metal concentration calculated from elemental fraction (0.8%) determined in study number 519586 [mg/L] |
0 |
15 Oct 2018 |
24 Oct 2018 |
0 |
-0.00921 |
-- |
0.000 |
|
|
|
100 |
23.6 |
-- |
0.189 |
48 |
17 Oct 2018 |
24 Oct 2018 |
0 |
-0.0241 |
n.a. |
0.000 |
|
|
|
100 |
23.5 |
99 |
0.188 |
(1) Estimated value, calculated by extrapolation of the calibration curve. The value is lower than the intercept so the analyzed concentration is a negative value
2) Analysis of the organics fraction by LC-UV at 210 nm
Time of sampling [hours] |
Date of sampling |
Date ofanalysis |
Loading rate WAF [mg/L] |
Concentration analysed [mg/L] |
Relative to initial [%] |
0 |
15 Oct 2018 |
31 Oct 2018 |
0 |
n.d. |
|
|
|
100 |
126 |
|
|
48 |
17 Oct 2018 |
31 Oct 2018 |
0 |
0.023 |
|
|
|
100 |
157 |
125 |
Description of key information
The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was tested according to OECD 202 compliant with GLP. Due to the nature of Step 2 catalyst (UVCB), according to OECD 23 water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared.
Result:
EL0 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) = 100 mg/L;
EL10 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L
EL50 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was tested according to OECD 202 compliant with GLP. The test organism was Daphnia magna (Straus). Due to the nature of Step 2 catalyst (UVCB),
according to OECD 23 water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared and a combined range finding and limit test conducted. WAFs were prepared at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L nominal loading:
individual loading rates were vigorously agitated on a magnetic stirrer for 6 days. Based on preliminary results, the period of 6 days of stirring was used to ensure that
a) Concentration of the relevant transition metal stabilizes at the pH 8.0 ± 0.3 used for ecotoxicity testing to prevent any precipitation during the test;
b) Saturation of the aquatic phase with organic hydrolysis products stemming from aromatic phosphites is obtained.
The presence of any non-dissolved test item fraction could be excluded before testing by measuring the Tyndall effect.
Analytical monitoring was performed for the relevant transition metal (ICP-MS) as well as the organic fraction (UPLC-UV at 210 nm). At the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L transition
metal concentration was stable over the 48 hours of the test. A Step 2 catalyst concentration equivalent of 23.6 mg/L was found in freshly prepared WAF (after 6 days of stirring and one day
settling period) and 99% of this initial concentration was recovered after 48 hours (23.5 mg/L). This is equivalent to transition metal concentrations at 0 h and 48 hours of 189 µg/L and
188 µg/L, respectively.
With regard to the organic fraction monitored via UPLC-UV at 210 nm, an initial Step 2 catalyst concentration equivalent of 126 mg/L was measured at the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L.
This increased during 48 hours of incubation by 25%. The reason for this increase is not clear. It could be due to further abiotic transformations (hydrolysis / oxidation) during the test.
The results confirm in any case that WAF preparation succeeded in a relevant organic fraction present at the beginning and during the test.
For all concentrations tested (including the limit concentration of WAF 100 mg/L) neither in control groups nor in treatment groups any immobilizations or other effects could be determined.
Result:
EL0 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) = 100 mg/L;
EL10 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L;
EL50 (Daphnia magna; 48 h; static) > 100 mg/L
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