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EC number: 222-001-7 | CAS number: 3312-60-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-05-06 to 2019-06-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2004)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- LC-MS/MS method
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Pipetting from test vessels
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were analyzed on the day of sampling as far as possible. If necessary, the samples were stored at room temperature until the start of the analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the stock solution A stock solution with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L of the test item was prepared with dilution water directly prior
to start of the exposure (at day 0).
An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out and transferred into a measuring flask with an appropriate
amount of dilution water. This stock solution was mixed by manual agitation until it was visually clear.
The stock solution was used as the highest test concentration and for the preparation of further concentration levels by dilution with dilution water.
Test item concentrations Five concentration levels 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L were prepared from the stock solution 100 mg/L in a
geometric series with a separation factor of 2 by dilution of the stock solution with dilution water.
The test item concentrations were selected based on the results of a non-GLP preliminary range finding test.
Control Dilution water without test item incubated under the same conditions as the test groups. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test system: Daphnia magna STRAUS, obtained from continuous laboratory cultures.
Origin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), 14195 Berlin, Germany
Breeder: Noack Laboratorien GmbH, Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture: In glass vessels (2 - 3 L capacity) with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 2
°C, in an incubator, 16 hours illumination; light intensity of max. 1500 lx
Culture medium: Elendt M4, according to OECD 202, Annex 3 (2004) is used.
Culture feeding: The culture daphnids were fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. The algae were cultured at the test facility.
Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Not specified. Continuous laboratory culture.
Feeding during test: The daphnids were not fed during the study.
Acclimation period: Acclimation of the daphnids was not necessary, because the dilution water was equivalent to the culture medium. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Dilution water: 282 mg CaCO3/L (0 h: start of test)
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 20 °C
- pH:
- Control
- t(0h) = 7.41
- t(48h) = 7.63
100 mg/L
- t(0h) = 9.45
- t(48h) = 7.89 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Dilution water:
8.00 mg/L
Control
- t(0h) = 8.00 mg/l
- t(48h) = 7.88 mg/L
100 mg/L
- t(0h) = 8.08 mg/l
- t(48h) = 7.38 mg/L - Conductivity:
- Dilution water
588 [µS/cm] - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration measured concentration
0 h:
Control < LOQ < LOQ (600 µg/L)
100 mg/L 116 mg/L
6.25 mg/L 7.05 mg/L
48 h:
Control < LOQ < LOQ
100 mg/L 100 mg/L
6.25 mg/L 6.16 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers (4 (ID) x 7 (H) cm), 50 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): Loosely covered with watch glasses
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 20 mL
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20 daphnids
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: According to OECD202
- Total organic carbon: 282 [mg CaCO3/L]
- Alkalinity: pH= 7.41
- Conductivity: 588 [µS/cm]
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At the start (t= 0h) and at the end (t= 48h) of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 1500 lx
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Immobility/mortality; after 24 and 48 hours.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: No vehicle was involved
RANGE-FINDING STUDY: Yes
- Test concentrations: 1; 10 and 100 mg/L prepared with dilution water
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 7.97 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: No
- Observations on body length and weight: No
- Other biological observations: No
- Mortality of control: No
- Other adverse effects control: No
- Abnormal responses: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h)
- Limit test: no
- Dose-response test: yes
- EC50 (24h): 1.89 mg/l (CI; 1.5 – 2.40)
- Other: Valid range according to AQS P9/2 (02/2000), clone 5 = 0.6 – 2.4 mg/l
-Study period: 2019-05-14 to 2019-05-15
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the nominal concentrations of the test item, the 48-hour EC50 for Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 14.3 – 20.0 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item was determined according to OECD 202 (2004).
The study was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 hours with five nominal test concentrations in the range of 6.25 to 100 mg/L, prepared in a geometric series with a separation factor of 2. All test item concentrations and the control were colorless and visually clear throughout the exposure period.
Twenty daphnids (divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each) were exposed to each concentration level and the control.
The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via LC-MS/MS in the fresh media at the start of the exposure (0 hours) and in the old media at the end of the exposure (48 hours) in all concentration levels and in the control.
The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure (0 hours) were in the range of 111 to 117% of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure period (48 hours), the measured concentrations were in the range of 96 to 102% of the nominal values.
The measured test item concentrations remained within ±20% of the nominal concentrations over the test period. This indicates that the test item concentrations were stable during the duration of the test.Therefore, the effect levels given are based on the nominal concentrations of the test item. The 48 hour-EC50 value of the test item on Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 14.3 – 20.0 mg/L).
The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Reference
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item was determined according to OECD 202 (2004).
The study was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 hours with five nominal test concentrations in the range of 6.25 to 100 mg/L, prepared in a geometric series with a separation factor of 2. All test item concentrations and the control were colorless and visually clear throughout the exposure period.
Twenty daphnids (divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each) were exposed to each concentration level and the control.
The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via LC-MS/MS in the fresh media at the start of the exposure (0 hours) and in the old media at the end of the exposure (48 hours) in all concentration levels and in the control.
The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure (0 hours) were in the range of 111 to 117% of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure period (48 hours), the measured concentrations were in the range of 96 to 102% of the nominal values.
The measured test item concentrations remained within ±20% of the nominal concentrations over the test period. This indicates that the test item concentrations were stable during the duration of the test.Therefore, the effect levels given are based on the nominal concentrations of the test item. The 48 hour-EC50 value of the test item on Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 14.3 – 20.0 mg/L).
The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 17.1 mg/L
Additional information
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