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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-409-2 | CAS number: 12001-85-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Penetration of 65Zn through the skin of rats
- Author:
- Hallmans G & Liden S
- Year:
- 1 979
- Bibliographic source:
- Acta. Derm. Venereol. 59(2):105-112
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The penetration of zinc through rat skin was studied radiochemically and radioautographically following application through suspension and tape containing radioactive zinc.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 65Zn-Zinc oxide suspension or 65-Zn labelled Zinc tape
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 85-180 g
- Housing: Individually in metabolism cages of acrylic resin and stainless steel
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Standard laboratory diet containing 100 µg Zinc/g, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water, ad libitum
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 2 h
- Doses:
- Zinc oxide, 125 µg Zn/mL
- No. of animals per group:
- Six
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- 65Zn-Zinc oxide was used in a suspension (125 µg Zn and 0.7 mCi 65Zn/mL, pH 8, NEN Chemicals GmbH, Dreieich, West Germany) and in a Zinc tape.
- 65Zn-labelled Zinc tape was prepared by irradiating Zinc oxide powder in a quartz glass tube with thermal neutrons at a flux of approximately 2.2 X E-13 neutrons.cm-2.sec-1 for 72 h (AB Atomenergi, Studsvik, Sweden). The specific activity was 11.8 nCi 65Zn/µg Zn. The irradiated Zinc oxide was mixed mechanically for 3 h with an adhesive substance composed of gum, resin and trichloroethylene to give a final concentration of Zinc of 17% of the total dry weight. This mixture was then spread as evenly as possible on cotton gauze and dried. The range of 65Zn activity was 5-10 µCi/cm2.
- Tape was stored for one month before use in order to practically eliminate activity of other Zinc radioisotopes
APPLICATION OF DOSE:
- Suspension: 25 µL applied topically to 3 cm2 of shaved area on both side of the animal
- Tape: 5 cm2 piece of the Zinc-tape was applied and covered with a plastic film and a bandage of plastic coated tape
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of blood: Collected from tail vein
- Analysis of organs: Small tissue samples of liver, GIT, heart, testis & carcass were analysed for 65Zn activity by gamma scintillation
- Analysis of skin: Treated skin areas were analysed
ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: Gamma scintillation counter
HISTOLOGY
- Blocks of the skin were either frozen and sections were taken by cryostat or routinely processed & embedded in paraffin; 6 µm sections were taken and stained with haematoxylin - Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- Not applicable
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not examined
- Dermal irritation:
- not examined
- Absorption in different matrices:
- Absorption (%) from the skin: 1.9 ± 0.2
- % absorbed by carcass: 52.0 ± 4.2
- % absorbed by liver: 22.8 ± 1.6
- % absorbed by GIT: 25.2 ± 4.0
Absorption in blood: 65Zn rapidly appeared in the blood and other tissues. The maximum 65Zn activity in serum occurred within or around the first hour after the application of the test material.
Relative activity
- Serum: 1.2 ± 0.1
- Coagulation: 0.5 ± 0.1
- Liver: 8.0 ± 1.0
- Heart: 1.3 ± 0.2
- Testis: 0.3 ± 0.0
Autoradiography: 65Zn activity was seen in both dermis and panniculus carnosus. The activity was most concentrated on and near the epidermis and around hair follicles in dermis. - Total recovery:
- No data
Percutaneous absorption
- Dose:
- 125 µg Zn/mL, pH 8
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- 1.9 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2 h
- Remarks:
- % absorbed activity
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, percutaneous absorption of the Zinc in rat skin was observed to be 1.9 ± 0.2% on topical application of the radioactive test material.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the penetration of 65Zn from Zinc oxide suspension and from a Zinc tape containing Zinc oxide through the intact skin of rats.
65Zn rapidly appeared in the blood and other tissues. The maximum 65Zn activity in serum occurred within or around the first hour after the application of the test material. Absorption through skin was estimated to be 1.9 ± 0.2% of which 52 ± 4.2, 22.8 ± 1.6 & 25.2 ± 4.0% was absorbed in carcass, liver & GIT, respectively. Autoradiographically, 65Zn activity was seen in both dermis and panniculus carnosus. The activity was most concentrated on and near the epidermis and around hair follicles in dermis. However it must be noted that in this study other zinc compounds were tested and no distinction was made between the different zinc compounds during the observations.
Under the test conditions, percutaneous absorption of the Zinc in rat skin was observed to be 1.9 ± 0.2% on topical application of the radioactive test material.
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