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EC number: 215-892-9 | CAS number: 1445-45-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Justification for type of information:
- justification for analogue approach: see IUCLID section 13 "Read-across justification"
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: ATCC-22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): National Institute Environmental Research, Korea
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 7 days
- Method of cultivation: The flasks then were placed on a shaker incubator at 170 rpm and 25°C, with 24 h light supplied via worm white fluorescent tubes, with an average illumination of 30 ± 5µE/m2s.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period:
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Stock alga was cultivated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 200 mL sterilized nitrate-enriched BBM medium prepared in triple distilled water, to avoid nitrogen limitation during the high-density culture. The culture flask was agitated on a shaker at 170 rpm, and bubbled with air (1 vvm), without sparger. Light was continuously supplied, with an average of 30 ±5 µE/m2s, using warm-white fluorescent tubes located on top of the shaker. All the flasks were maintained in the shaker incubator at 25 ± 5°C for 7 days. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 25°C
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Experiments were performed in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 55 mL of sterilized culture medium, inoculated with 5 mL samples of 7 day cultured algae. Solutions of organic solvents were subsequently added to the test flasks. The organic solvents tested were completely miscible with water, forming a homogeneous phase. Concentrations were adjusted in the range between 0.1 M and 1.26 µM to obtain complete concentration-response curves. At each determined exposure date, the optical density of the algal biomass was estimated at 438 nm using a spectrophotometer. The dry cell weight, corresponding to the optical density, was determined from the linear relationship; dry cell weight (g/L) = 0.329 x optical density. All experiments were performed in duplicate, but the control experiments were conducted in triplicate. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 22 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- justification for analogue approach: see IUCLID section 13 "Read-across justification"
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Growth inhibition test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Anabaena sp., A. cylindrica, A. variabilis, A. inaegualis, and Nostoc sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: blue-green algae
- Strain and Source: Anabaena sp. ATCC 27899, A. cylindrica ATCC 29414, A. variabilis ATCC 29413, and Nostoc sp. ATCC 29105 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A., A. inaequalis was obtained from the Department of Botany and Genetics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- Method of cultivation: Stock cultures were grown in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks sealed with cotton bungs and containing 150 mL of an inorganic, nitrogen-free medium (Stratton et al. 1980). Flasks were incubated at 25 ± 1°C and a light intensity of 7 klux on a 12 hour light-dark cycle. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A minimum of 10 concentrations were tested for each species, ranging from 0.6% to 10% methanol by volume (4.74-79.00 g/L).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5 - 10
- experiment repeated 3 - 5 times - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 20 300 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Anabaena cylindrica
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21 170 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Anabaena inaequalis
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 24 730 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Anabaena sp.
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 43 290 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nostoc sp.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 April - 29 April, 2005
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant. "Based on" a standard guideline. Limitations on reporting. Available as an unpublished report. Acceptable with restrictions.
- Justification for type of information:
- justification for analogue approach: see IUCLID section 13 "Read-across justification"
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 10253 (Water quality - Marine Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test performed according to lab protocol which is "based on" ISO guideline.
72 h growth inhibition test on Skeletonema costatum, measuring growth rate in order to identify inhibition. - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test substance dissolved in test medium to form stock solution of the highest test dosage, mixed with magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes. Test series prepared from this by dilution.
- Controls: Untreated test medium.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None reported. - Test organisms (species):
- Skeletonema costatum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: NIVA BAC 1 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- Within 20.0 ± 2.4 °C
- pH:
- Test start: 8.29
Test end: 8.38
Measured in 1000 mg test item/L solution. - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 10, 50, 250 and 1000 mg test item/L.
All values nominal. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Algal medium 1/2 "f" from Guillard and Ryther (1962) was used.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: 6000-10000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorescence (Turner 10-100 R fluorometer)
- Range finding study: Yes
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol (1.5 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 300.82 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: acetate ion
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 300.82 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: acetate ion
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- No inhibition of the growth rate observed in any of the test concentrations or the control.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 33 % inhibition.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Data processed by EXCEL.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Control cell density increase by > 16 at 72 h. Control pH varies by < 1.0 units over course of test. Temperature within range 20.0 ± 2.4°C. Light intensity within 6000-10000. Inhibition of growth rate with 1.5 mg 3,5-dichlorophenol/L between 20 and 80%.
- Conclusions:
- The 72hr EC50 for Skeletonema costatum was calculated to be >300.82 mg/l based on the effect of the acetate ion.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP compliant, guideline 72 hr acute toxicity test of the test substance to the marine algal species Skeletonoma costatum, no significant effect was seen up to the highest test concentration of 1000 mg/L. Therefore the EC50 was determined to be >1000 mg/L for the test substance. The 72hr EC50 for Skeletonema costatum was calculated to be >300.82 mg/l based on the effect of the acetate ion.
The reported EC50 was recalculated in order to report the effect concentrations based on the concentration of the acetate ion. The EC50 was adjusted for the molecular weight of the acetate compared to the parent molecule and also the fact that the test substance is only 50% potassium acetate.
Although it is prefereable to have data from tests on freshwater algal species, this study is considered suitable for use as a key study as the results are the same as for fish and Daphnia.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Results
Dosage (mg test item/L) |
Growth Rate | % Inhibition | ||
Mean | Confidence limit | Mean | Confidence limit | |
Control | 1.56 | 0.02 | - | - |
10 | 1.56 | 0.01 | -1.1 | 0.9 |
50 | 1.57 | 0.02 | -1.7 | 1.3 |
250 | 1.57 | 0.03 | -1.4 | 1.7 |
1000 | 1.54 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
Description of key information
Trimethyl orthoacetate is rapidly hydrolysed to methanol (CAS no. 67 -56 -1) and methyl acetate, which further hydrolyses to acetic acid (CAS no. 64 -19 -7) as final reaction product in the presence of water (< 2.4 h at pH 4, 7 and 9 at 50°C). Under neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 4) conditions, the half-life was < 1 h. The measured degradation of TMOA at pH 7 abd 50°C correspond to a half-life time well below one day under normal outdoor conditions. Accordingly, reliable data of the hydrolysis products methanol and acetic acid are used to address the endpoint, which is entirely appropriate to draw conclusions on the toxicity of Trimethyl orthoacetate to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria.
1. Methanol
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria: EC50 (96 h) = 22000 mg/L based on growth rate for the freshwater green-algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (OECD TG 201 and EPA OPPTS 850.5400)
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria: EC50 (14 d) = 20 300 mg/L based on growth inhibition for the freshwater blue-green algae Anabaena cylindrica (no guideline followed, no GLP)
2. Acetic Acid
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria: EC50 (72 h) > 300.82 mg/L, NOEC (72 h) = 300.82 mg/L based on the effect of the acetate ion for the parameter growth rate for the saltwater green-algae Skeletonema costatum (ISO 10253, GLP)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 22 000 mg/L
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 300.82 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 300.82 mg/L
Additional information
Concerning study data for acetic acid:
In a GLP compliant, guideline 72 h acute toxicity test of the test substance to the marine algal species Skeletonoma costatum, no significant effect was seen up to the highest test concentration of 1000 mg/L (Beslagic, 2005). Therefore the EC50 was determined to be >1000 mg/L for the test substance. The 72 h EC50 for Skeletonema costatum was calculated to be >300.82 mg/l based on the effect of the acetate ion.
The reported EC50 was recalculated in order to report the effect concentrations based on the concentration of the acetate ion. The EC50 was adjusted for the molecular weight of the acetate compared to the parent molecule and also the fact that the test substance is only 50% potassium acetate.
Although it is preferable to have data from tests on freshwater algal species, this study is considered suitable for use as a key study, as the results are within the same range as for freshwater studies in fish and Daphnia.
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