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EC number: 226-798-2 | CAS number: 5470-11-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Hydroxylammonium chloride is the hydrochloric acid salt of hydroxylamine. Based on OECD guideline studies the substance bears a water solubility of approx. 470 g/L (at 20°C) and a vapour pressure of 0.0021 Pa (at 20 °C). Therefore the substance is expected to distribute mainly in the aquatic compartment in case of release into the environment.
Hydroxylammonium chloride dissociates to hydroxylammonium and chloride ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. The environmental behavior of the hydroxylammonium ion (NH3OH+) is similar to ammonium (NH4+). With stronger reducing properties, hydroxylammonium is more easily transformed via nitrification in waste water treatment systems and in soil by oxidizing bacteria and other microorganisms (Robertson & Groffman, 2015).
Hydroxylamine is not stable in the environment and decomposes in solution fast at environmental temperatures through various processes (Moody, 1991, Satake & Iqbal, 1995). Hydroxylamine and its salts are reductive agents, which can easily be oxidized and form various oxides of nitrogen or nitrous species. It reacts with aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, metals etc. (Ritz et al. 2012, Moody, 1991). Microorganisms also play an important role in the transformation of hydroxylamine in the environment. Nitrifying microorganisms in nature enzymatically transform ammonia in a first step to hydroxylamine and then to further nitrogen species depending on the conditions (Robertson & Groffman, 2015). Hydroxylamine is also formed as an intermediate during denitrification (Ritz et al. 2012). Microbial hydroxylamine transformation to other nitrogen species is therefore a common environmental pathway.
The adsorption properties of hydroxylammonium are expected to be similar to those of ammonium due to their similar chemistry. Ammonium adsorption is controlled by soil properties (Ranjbar & Jalali, 2012; Matschonat and Matzner, 1996). Positively charged ions are being exchanged at cation-exchange sites in soils and sediments (Buss et al., 2004). Literature data report Kd values for ammonium between 0 and 6.5 L/Kg, which reflect worst case values for hydroxylammonium chloride, since it is not expected to be stable under environmental conditions.
References:
Buss S.R., Herbert A.W., Morgan P., Thornton S.F., Smith J.W.N. 2004. A review of ammonium attenuation in soil and groundwater. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. vol 37, 347–359
Matschonat G., & Matzner E. 1996. Soil chemical properties affecting NH4+ sorption in forest soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science vol. 159, 505–511
Moody B. 1991. Comparative Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Inc. ISBN: 978-0-7131-3679-1
Ranjbar F. & Jalali M. 2013. Measuring and modeling ammonium adsorption by calcareous soils. Environ Monit Assess vol. 185, 3191–3199
Ritz J., Fuchs H., Perryman H.G., 2012. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: Hydroxylamine. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. ISBN: 9783527306732. DOI: 10.1002/14356007
Robertson G.P. and Groffman P.M. 2015. Nitrogen transformations. Pages 421-446 in E. A. Paul, ed. Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry, 4th Edition. Academic Press, Burlington, MA.ISBN: 978-0-12-546807-7
Satake M. & Iqbal S.A. 1995. Chemistry of P-Block Elements. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 10: 8171412688 / ISBN 13: 9788171412686
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