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EC number: 947-394-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 March 1994 to 06 June 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 106 (Adsorption - Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on test conditions:
- SOIL PREPARATION AND STORAGE
- Samples of three soil types were air dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve and stored in the dark at ambient temperature until required for testing.
- Soil type 1: strongly acidic (pH 4.5-5.5)
- Soil type 2: moderately to slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5)
- Soil type 3: slightly alkaline (pH 7.1-8.0)
- Each soil was characterised with respect to pH, organic carbon content, particle sixze distribution, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations (see Appendix 1, attached).
- Prior to initiation of the test, the soils were sterilised by autoclaving aqueous suspensions of soil samples (1:2) for 15 minutes at approximately 121 °C.
- Moisture content of each soil was determined by drying samples at 105 °C for a minimum of 12 hours.
- Equilibration of each soil sample with approximately twice its weight equivalent of water was performed by gently tumbling the soil and water together for a period of 24 hours prior to the start of the test.
PRELIMINARY TEST
- A preliminary test was performed on each soil type to confirm the validity of the analytical method.
SCREENING TEST - ADSORPTION
- An aliquot of test item (0.0836 g) was diluted to 100 mL using 0.017 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution.
- The resulting solution was further diluted by a factor of 100 using 0.017 M CaCl2 solution.
- Duplicate wet soil/test solution mixtures and a wet soil/0.017 M CaCl2 solution (blank) were prepared for each soil type.
- A control consisting of test solution with no soil was also prepared.
- Each sample was protected from light in order to minimise photodegradation.
- Quantities of soil and test solution/0.017 M CaCl2 solution taken for each sample are shown in the table below.
- Samples were shaken continuously at ambient temperature for 16 hours to allow adsorption equilibrium to be reached.
- Agitation was sufficient to maintain the soil in suspension but not so vigorous as to cause breakdown of the soil structure.
- After the period of equilibration, the samples were centrifuged to separate the phases and a known volume (20 mL) was removed for analysis by spectrophotometry.
SCREENING TEST - DESORPTION
- The desorption step of the procedure was only performed on those samples which had adsorped significantly (> 25 %).
- The supernatant removed during the adsorption step was replaced with the equivalent volume (20 mL) of 0.01 M CaCl2 solution.
- Samples were protected from light then equilibrated by shaking continuously for a period of time equivalent to the adsorption step.
- After the period of equilibration, the samples were centrifuged to separate the phases and a known volume (20 mL) was removed for analysis by spectrophotometry.
- The desorption step was then repeated using a further volume (20 mL) of 0.01 M CaCl2 solution.
ANALYSIS
- An aliquot (20 mL) of supernatant from each sample, control and sample blank was derivatised then analysed spectrophotometrically.
STANDARDS
- Standard solutions were prepared in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution at concentrations of 5 mg/L (adsorption step); 5 mg/L (desorption step, first dilution); 0.5 mg/L (desorption step, second dilution).
- An aliquot (20 mL) of each standard solution was derivatised and analysed spectrophotometrically.
BLANK
- An aliquot (20 mL) of 0.01 M CaCl2 solution was derivatised and analysed spectrophotometrically.
DERIVATISATION
- Phenolphthalein 1 % solution (2 drops) was added to each aliquot (20 mL) together with enough 1 M sodium hydroxide to render the sample alkaline.
- Methylene blue (0.2015 g) was diluted to 200 mL with water. To 60 mL of this solution was added sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate monohydrate (102.03 g) and 3 M sulphuric acid (84 mL). The solution was then diluted to 2000 mL with water to give methylene blue reagent.
- After neutralising each sample with 0.5 M sulphuric acid, methylene blue reagent (50 mL) was added and the samples were shaken to mix.
- The samples were then extracted with three aliquots (15 mL) of chlorofom and the combined extracts were diluted to 50 mL with chlorofom.
ANALYSIS
- The absorbances of the standard, sample, control and blank solutions were measured at 653 nm in cells of 10 mm path length using chloroform as the reference medium. - Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 433 dimensionless
- pH:
- 4.8
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.6
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- pH measured using soil:water ratio of 1:2.5; ambient temperature
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 256 dimensionless
- pH:
- 5.5
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 1.8
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- pH measured using soil:water ratio of 1:2.5; ambient temperature
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 209 dimensionless
- pH:
- 7.3
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.6
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- pH measured using soil:water ratio of 1:2.5; ambient temperature
- Sample no.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 16 h
- % Adsorption:
- 34.1
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil type 1
- Remarks:
- pH 4.8
- Sample no.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 16 h
- % Adsorption:
- 45.4
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil type 2
- Remarks:
- pH 5.5
- Sample no.:
- #3
- Duration:
- 16 h
- % Adsorption:
- 19.8
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil type 3
- Remarks:
- pH 7.3
- Sample no.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 32 h
- % Desorption:
- 26.5
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil type 1
- Remarks:
- pH 4.8 (two euilibration periods of 16 hours)
- Sample no.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 32 h
- % Desorption:
- 47.6
- Remarks on result:
- other: Soil type 2
- Remarks:
- pH 5.5 (two equilibration periods of 16 hours)
- Sample no.:
- #3
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Investigation of desorprtion not necessary
- Transformation products:
- no
- Details on results (Batch equilibrium method):
- MOISTURE CONTENT
- The moisture content of the soil types was determined to be 2.31 % w/w (soil type 1); 3.86 % w/w (soil type 2); 1.88 % w/w (soil type 3).
PRELIMINARY TEST
- Preliminary testing showed the analytical procedure to be suitable for use with each soil type and adsorption of test material by the apparatus was shown to be negligible.
SCREENING TEST
- Mean absorbance values relating to standard, sample, control and blank solutions are attached.
- Details of test material adsorbed, adsorption coefficient and Koc for each sample are attached together with mean values for each sample.
- Details of desorption for each sample are attached.
- Details of calculation methods are attached. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Mean adsorption coefficients as a function of organic carbon content (Koc) were reported as 433 (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8), 256 (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5) and 209 (soil type 3; slightly alkaline; pH 7.3). Mean test material desorbed was reported as 26.5 % w/w (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8) and 47.6 % w/w (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5). It was not necessary to undertake the desorption step on soil type 3 (slightly alkaline; pH 7.3)because there was no significant adsorption of the test material (< 25 %).
- Executive summary:
The adsorption/desorption characteristics of the test material were investigated in three different soil types in accordance with the batch equilibrium method of OECD 106. Mean adsorption coefficients as a function of organic carbon content (Koc) were reported as 433 (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8), 256 (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5) and 209 (soil type 3; slightly alkaline; pH 7.3). Mean test material desorbed was reported as 26.5 % w/w (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8) and 47.6 % w/w (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5). It was not necessary to undertake the desorption step on soil type 3 (slightly alkaline; pH 7.3) because there was no significant adsorption of the test material (< 25 %).
Reference
Adsorption
Sample ID |
Dry mass of soil (g) |
Total volume of aqueous phase |
Concentration in aqueous phase corrected for blank (mg/L) |
1a 1b |
5.069 4.965 |
2.51 x 10-2 2.48 x 10-2 |
2.69 3.02 |
2a 2b |
4.808 4.882 |
2.47 x 10-2 2.48 x 10-2 |
1.93 2.83 |
3a 3b |
5.013 5.020 |
2.48 x 10-2 2.62 x 10-2 |
3.48 3.32 |
Control |
- |
2.48 x 10-2 |
4.34 |
Dry mass of soil = weight of soil taken corrected for moisture content
Quantity of test material recovered from control = 0.108 mg
Description of key information
Koc = 433 (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8); Koc = 256 (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5); Koc = 209 (soil type 3; slightly alkaline; pH 7.3) (OECD 106). Mean test material desorbed = 26.5 % w/w (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8); 47.6 % w/w (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5). Desorption is not relevant to soil type 3 (slightly alkaline; pH 7.3) because adsorption of < 25 % of the test material takes place (OECD 106).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 256
Additional information
The adsorption/desorption characteristics of the test material were investigated in three different soil types in accordance with the batch equilibrium method of OECD 106. Mean adsorption coefficients as a function of organic carbon content (Koc) were reported as 433 (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8), 256 (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5) and 209 (soil type 3; slightly alkaline; pH 7.3). Mean test material desorbed was reported as 26.5 % w/w (soil type 1; strongly acidic; pH 4.8) and 47.6 % w/w (soil type 2; moderately to slightly acidic; pH 5.5). It was not necessary to undertake the desorption step on soil type 3 (slightly alkaline; pH 7.3) because there was no significant adsorption of the test material (< 25 %).
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