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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 245-612-0 | CAS number: 23363-14-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- An expert statement was written to support the waiving of further algal growth inhibition studies with rare earth compounds (please refer to the attached justification). In this expert statement, a thorough evaluation was performed of all available data (study reports as well as scientific literature) on the adverse effects of rare earth compounds in algae. When testing trivalent water soluble rare earth compounds, significant adverse effects on algal growth are typically observed, resulting in effect concentrations that – when expressed as initially measured concentration of dissolved rare earth compound – could trigger classification for the environment. It has to be noted that significant growth inhibition was only observed in treatments in which phosphate was depleted from the start of testing onwards and/or in treatments in which phosphate levels were significantly lower than in the control treatments at the start of testing and fully depleted shortly after start of the test (e.g. after 24 h). The strong interaction with phosphate was supported by modelling with the software Visual Minteq which confirmed that all phosphate is depleted from the test medium whenever the rare earth is in excess and vice versa. These observations provide indirect evidence that adverse effects on algal growth observed in tests with rare earth substances are due to phosphate deprivation as a result of the strong interaction of rare earths with phosphate rather than a direct toxic effect as a result of exposure to bioavailable dissolved rare earths. To date, no experiment could be identified in which a direct effect of rare earth elements on growth rate / biomass (i.e., the relevant effects to be considered in guideline studies) is convincingly demonstrated. Further, the strong interaction with phosphate in the test medium poses a technical issue hampering further research, i.e. when phosphate is in excess of the rare earth, there would be no exposure to the rare earth, and when the rare earth is in excess of the phosphate, the phosphate would be depleted from the test medium, affecting algal growth. In case phosphate deprivation is indeed responsible for the observed adverse effects on algal growth, these effects, which are observed in limited test systems, cannot be considered equally relevant at an ecosystem level. Altogether, at this point in time, it is concluded that there is no added value in performing further algal growth inhibition studies with rare earth compounds. Further, it is not considered useful to include the results of algal growth inhibition tests for classification purposes. Since either fish or daphnids have appeared to be the driver for classification for rare earth compounds, this waiving of further algal growth inhibition studies would not affect classification anyhow.
Reference
Description of key information
Based on all the available algae data on rare earth compounds it is clear that phosphate depletion and growth inhibition are concurrent and hence it is not possible to distinguish between phosphate deprivation effects in the algae and potential direct effects of bioavailable Yttrium acetate on algal growth.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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