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EC number: 235-310-7 | CAS number: 12163-26-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Mutagenicity of metal salt in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay
- Author:
- Oberly, T.J. et al.
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9: 367 - 376.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984-04-04
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purity and stability were missing; individual results not reported; rationale for selection of concentrations missing
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium chloride
- EC Number:
- 232-094-6
- EC Name:
- Magnesium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7786-30-3
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Mg
- IUPAC Name:
- Magnesium dichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- Supplier: Sigma Chemical Co.
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- not specified
Method
- Target gene:
- TK
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Remarks:
- TK+/- 3.7.2 heterozygote
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Methods for maintenance in cell culture: all cells were thawed from frozen stock and maintained in Fischer's medium for leukemic cells of mice containing 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, Pluronic F68; sodium pyruvate penicillin G, and streptomycin sulfate.
MEDIA USED
- Periodically 'cleansed' against high spontaneous background: yes
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix: S9 fraction added in appropriate dilution with cofactor mix containg NADP (8 mg/mL) and isocitric acid (15 mg/mL) in Fischer's medium. A 10 % dilution of S9 in medium was utilized.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 22000, 24000, 26000, 28000, 30000, 32000, and 36000 µg/mL (without metabolic activation; assumed that these concentrations were also tested with metabolic activation (data not presented))
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: sterile glass-distilled water
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- sterile glass-distilled water
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-acetylaminofluorene
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- FORWARD MUTATION ASSAY
- test system was based on the procedure described by Clive et al. (1975, 1979)* with modifications to the cloning procedure.
- test item was diluted in the vehicle
- 0.1 mL of each test item dilution was added to a 10-mL suspension containing 6 X 10^6 cells.
- when testing with activation, the 10-mL suspension included 4 mL of an appropriate dilution of S9 with cofactor mix.
- cultures containing either test chemical, positive or negative controls were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C.
- after exposure, the cells were washed twice, fresh medium was added, and the cultures were carried through a 2-day expression period. The cultures were counted after day 1 and readjusted to 3 X 10^5 cells per mL if necessary.
- on day 2 a modified cloning procedure was followed.
- a sample from each culture was centrifuged and the cells resuspended at 500000 viable cells/mL in Fischer's medium.
- the concentrated cells were serially diluted and appropriate dilutions plated in triplicate in cloning medium with and without trifluorothymidine (TFT).
- approx. 500000 viable cells (as determined by exclusion of trypan blue) were plated on each of three selective medium plates containing 2 μg/mL TFT, and 100 cells were cloned on each of three nonselective plates for each test and control tube.
- cell inocula were added directly into 100-mm tissue culture plates, followed by the addition of about 30 mL cloning medium.
- the plates were swirled to ensure even dispersal of the inocula, allowed to gel, and then incubated at,37°C for approx. 12 days before they were counted.
- a New Brunswick Scientific automatic colony counter was used to determine the number of colonies per plate.
- total survival was determined by the method of Clive and Spector (1975)* which combines·growth in suspension culture and soft cloning efficiency data.
- the mutation frequency (MF) was calculated as the number of mutants per 10^5 colony-forming cells.
*Refernces:
- Clive, D. and Spector, J. F. S. 1975. Laboratory procedure for assessing specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Mutat. Res. 31 :17 - 29.
- Clive, D., Johnson, K.O., Spector, J. F.S., Batson, A.B., and Brown, M.M.M. 1979. Validation and characterization of the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system. Mutat. Res. 59: 61 - 108. - Rationale for test conditions:
- not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Generally, a test agent will be considered positive in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay if a dose-related response is obtained in which two or more concentrations elicit a greater than 2-fold increase in mutation frequency over the solvent control with a minimum of 10% survival (Clive et al., 1979)*.
*Reference:
- Clive, D., Johnson, K.O., Spector, J, F.S., Batson, A.B., and Brown, M.M.M. 1979. Validation and characterization of the L5178Y /TK+/- mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system. Mutat. Res. 59: 61- 108. - Statistics:
- not specified
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Remarks:
- TK+/- 3.7.2 heterozygote
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 1 % survival at the 36000 µg/mL concentration
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- FORWAR MUTATION ASSAY
- without metabolic activation: test doses of magnesium chloride evoked little or no enhancement of mutation compared to the solvent control. Only at 36000 μg/mL was the response to mutation frequency greater than the negative control (not significant finding), and this was at 1 % total survival.
- with metabolic activation: results were not altered by metabolic activation of the test system.
- toxicity from exposure to the chemical might be related only to abnormal osmotic conditions.
Please also refer to the field "Any other information on results incl. tables" below
Values for the solvent and positive controls fall within the range established by previous experiments in our laboratory.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Muatgenic Response of Mouse Lymphoma L5178Y Cells following Exposure to the test item
Chemical |
Dose (µg/ml) |
Percent Total survival |
Mutation frequency |
Increase over solvet (-fold) |
Solvent |
0 |
100 |
17.9 |
- |
EMS |
620 |
20 |
136.3 |
7.6 |
MgCl2 |
36,000 |
1 |
19.0 |
1.1 |
|
32,000 |
15 |
13.3 |
- |
|
30,000 |
15 |
16.2 |
- |
|
28,000 |
46 |
15.6 |
- |
|
26,000 |
75 |
11.6 |
- |
|
24,000 |
101 |
13.1 |
- |
|
22,000 |
94 |
14.6 |
- |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The substance tested non-mutagenic under the conditions of the study.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and subsequent adaptations, the substance should not be considered to have a mutagenic potential.
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