Chlorotrioctylstannane

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

May 1998

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The test was conducted as a limit test using a WAF. Due to the low solubility and difficulty of dispersing the test material in tap water, an additional test solution was prepared with a nominal loading of 1 mg/L using a vehicle of Tween 80.

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Storage conditions of test material: Room temperature

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: All test and control solutions
- Sampling method: Samples for the concentration analysis were taken at the beginning and after 48 h at the end of the test.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: In order to prepare a water accommodated fraction (WAF), 100 mg of the test material were dispersed in 1000 mL of tap water under constant stirring for 24 hours. Thereafter, approximately 250 mL were very carefully removed from this dispersion in the centre of the glass vessel with a pipette although no organic/water phases were seen.
In order to prepare a solution with the nominal loading of 1 mg/L, 11 mg of the test material were dissolved in 1 g of Tween 80 under constant stirring. Thereafter 100 mg of this solution were mixed with 1 L of tap water under constant stirring for about 30 minutes.
For the controls, tap water and a mixture of tap water with 100 mg/L Tween 80 were used.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna Straus, Cladocera, Phyllopoda
- Source: In-house culture
- Age at study initiation: 0-24 hours
- Feeding during test: No

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Parent animals were kept in glass vessels in water of the same quality and temperature as experimental conditions.
- Type and amount of food: A laboratory culture of microalgae, e.g. Chlorella vulgaris.
- Feeding frequency: Continuously

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

263 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

21.7 - 22.0 °C

pH:

7.8 - 8.8

Dissolved oxygen:

7.6 - 8.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal: 1 mg/L with Tween 80 and a saturated WAF prepared at 100 mg/L
- Measured concentrations: Analysis of the 1mg/L solution with Tween 80 gave a concentration of 0.8 mg/L. Analysis of the WAF gave no reproducible results.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass vessels
- Fill volume: Test vessels were filled with 45 mL of the test solution or control solution and 5 mL of the dilution water with the introduction of the Daphnia.
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Normal tap water, not polluted with harmful concentrations of chlorine, heavy metals or other substances (based on quarterly measurements)
- Ca/mg ratio: 4.4:1
- Conductivity: 731 µs/sec
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH, oxygen concentration and temperature were measured at 0 and 48 hours

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 hours of light/12 hours of darkness

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Immobilisation and visual abnormalities were recorded at 24 and 48 hours

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/L (saturated WAF)

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Results obtained for the 1 mg/L solution with solvent.

Details on results:

No immobilised Daphnia were observed in the 1 mg/L test solution containing Tween 80. One immobilised Daphnia was observed in the saturated WAF. Two immobilised Daphnia were observed in the solvent control.
The single immobilised daphnid in the test solution (saturated solution) is not considered to be test material-related. Also, the two Daphnia immobilised in the vehicle control are not considered to be related to the influence of the emulsifier Tween 80 as no effects were found in the test material solution containing Tween 80.

Table 1: Cumulative immobilisation of Daphnia magna

Concentration of test material	Total No. of Daphnia	No. of Immobilised Daphnia
		24 hours	48 hours
Control	20	0	0
(tap water)
Control	20	0	2
(vehicle control)
Saturated WAF	20	0	1
1 mg/L + Tween 80	20	0	0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of the study, the 48-hour EC50 was determined to be >100 mg/L saturated WAF (nominal) and > 0.8 mg/L (test material with Tween 80).

Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna was investigated in a study which was conducted in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2 under GLP conditions.

The test was conducted as a limit test using a WAF. Due to the low solubility and difficulty of dispersing the test material in tap water, an additional test solution was prepared with a nominal loading of 1 mg/L using a vehicle of Tween 80.

The study was conducted under static conditions with twenty juvenile Daphnia magna per dose level used for the control, solvent control, saturated WAF and test material solution with Tween 80. The Daphnia were exposed for a period of 48 hours and immobilisation was recorded at 24 and 48 hours.

Samples for concentration analysis by GC in combination with FPD detection were taken at the start of exposure and 48 hours thereafter. The saturated WAF gave no reproducible results. The 1 mg/L solution with solvent gave an initial concentration of 0.8 mg/L.

No immobilised Daphnia were observed in the 1 mg/L test solution containing Tween 80. One immobilised Daphnia was observed in the saturated WAF. Two immobilised Daphnia were observed in the solvent control.

The single immobilised daphnid in the test solution (saturated solution) is not considered to be test material-related. Also, the two Daphnia immobilised in the vehicle control are not considered to be related to the influence of the emulsifier Tween 80 as no effects were found in the test material solution containing Tween 80.

The 48 h EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna is higher than a saturated WAF. It was also not toxic up to 0.8 mg/L when formulated using a vehicle (Tween 80).

Therefore, under the conditions of the study, the 48 hour EC50 was determined to be >100 mg/L saturated WAF (nominal) and > 0.8 mg/L (test material with Tween 80).

Description of key information

48 h EC50 >100 mg/L saturated WAF (nominal) and >0.8 mg/L (test material with Tween 80), Daphnia magna, OECD 202, EU Method C.2, Länge & Schmidt (1998)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.8 mg/L

Additional information

The toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna was investigated in a study which was conducted in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2 under GLP conditions. The study was assigned a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the principles for assessing data quality set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).

The test was conducted as a limit test using a WAF. Due to the low solubility and difficulty of dispersing the test material in tap water, an additional test solution was prepared with a nominal loading of 1 mg/L using a vehicle of Tween 80.

The study was conducted under static conditions with twenty juvenile Daphnia magna per dose level used for the control, solvent control, saturated WAF and test material solution with Tween 80. The Daphnia were exposed for a period of 48 hours and immobilisation was recorded at 24 and 48 hours.

Samples for concentration analysis by GC in combination with FPD detection were taken at the start of exposure and 48 hours thereafter. The saturated WAF gave no reproducible results. The 1 mg/L solution with solvent gave an initial concentration of 0.8 mg/L.

No immobilised Daphnia were observed in the 1 mg/L test solution containing Tween 80. One immobilised Daphnia was observed in the saturated WAF. Two immobilised Daphnia were observed in the solvent control.

The single immobilised daphnid in the test solution (saturated solution) is not considered to be test material-related. Also, the two Daphnia immobilised in the vehicle control are not considered to be related to the influence of the emulsifier Tween 80 as no effects were found in the test material solution containing Tween 80.

The 48 h EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna is higher than a saturated WAF. It was also not toxic up to 0.8 mg/L when formulated using a vehicle (Tween 80).

Therefore, under the conditions of the study, the 48 hour EC50 was determined to be >100 mg/L saturated WAF (nominal) and > 0.8 mg/L (test material with Tween 80).