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Reaction mass of tetrasodium 8,8'-(1E,1'E)-(4,4'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diazene-2,1-diyl)bis(7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate) and trisodium 7-hydroxy-8-((E)-(4-(1-(4-((E)-(1-hydroxy-4-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate
EC number: 942-692-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- other: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From February 1st to March 7th, 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Remarks:
- The complete Read Across Approach is attached at section 13. Source study has reliability 1.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- (1983)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5265 (The Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1987)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Similar Substance 01
- IUPAC Name:
- Similar Substance 01
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Source of cells: except for strain TA 100, all strains from Prof. B. Ames, Berkeley. Strain TA 100 from Dr. M. Schüpbach, Hoffmann-La Roche Limited, Basle.
- Suitability of cells: the characteristics of the strains were checked monthly. Histidine-auxotrophy of the Salmonella strains was demonstrated by the requirement for L-histidine. The presence of the rfa character was assayed by the sensitivity for crystal-violet. The deletion of the uvrB gene (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537) was demonstrated by the sensitivity for UV-light. The Salmonella strains containing the R-factor (TA 98 and TA 100) were additionally checked for ampicillin resistance. Furthermore, all strains were checked for their characteristic reversion properties with known mutagens (positive controls).
- Preparation of the bacterial cultures: inoculates from frozen master copies were set up monthly. They were grown in liquid nutrient broth medium (NB-medium) overnight and then plated on NB-agar. After incubation, single colonies were taken from the plates, grown overnight in liquid NB-medium and then used for the experiment.
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat-liver post mitochondrial supernatant (S9 fraction)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 61.73, 185.19, 555.56, 1666.67 and 5000.00 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Test item was dissolved in bidistilled water at room temperature.
The test substance was soluble up to the concentration of 50 mg/ml. Lower concentrations of the test substance were obtained by appropriate dilution of the stock solution with bidistilled water. No precipitates or aggregates were noted.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- cyclohexylamine
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene in DMSO for TA100, TA 98 and TA 1537 with S9
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation).
Setting up of the test plates: 0.1 ml of the overnight cultures were mixed with 2 ml of top agar, either 0.5 ml of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (experiments without activation) or 0.5 ml of the activation mixture (experiments with activation) and 0.1 ml of a solution of the test substance, the positive control or the solvent as a negative control and poured on minimal agar in Petri dishes. Each Petri dish contained about 20.0 ml of minimal agar (1.5 % agar supplemented with 2 % salts of the Vogel-Bonner Medium E and 2 % glucose). The top agar was composed of 0.6 % agar and 0.6 % NaCl and was supplemented with 10 % of 0.5 mM L-histidine and 0.5 mM (+)biotin dissolved in water.
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: two experiments, three plates per test substance concentration and controls.
CELLS EVALUATION
Colonies were counted electronically using an Artek Colony Counter (Fisher Scientific), or manually where minor agar damage or test chemical precipitates might have interfered with automating counting. The results were sent on line to a computer. They were checked on a random basis by the operator. Observations indicating precipitates of the test substance in the top agar or a reduced or absent bacterial background lawn were registered additionally. Means for all mutagenicity assays were calculated and included in the Results section.
VALIDITY CRITERIA
A test is considered acceptable if the mean colony counts of the negative control values of all strains are within the acceptable ranges and if the results of the positive controls meet the criteria for a positive response.
PREPARATION OF THE METABOLIC ACTIVATION MIXTURE
Rat-liver post mitochondrial supernatant (S9 fraction) was prepared in advance from male RAI rats (Tif: RAIf [SPF]), reared at the Animal Farm of testing laboratory. The animals were treated with Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 days prior to sacrifice. The livers were homogenized with 3 volumes of 150 mM KCl. The homogenate was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 9000× g and the resulting supernatant (S9 fraction) was stored at approximately -80 °C for no longer than one year. The protein content of the S9 fraction was 35.81 / 40.63 mg/ml.
The activation mixture contained: rat liver S9 fraction: 100.0 µl/ml, NADP: 4.0 µmol/ml, MgCl2: 8.0 µmol/ml, KCl: 33.0 µmol/ml, Na-phosphate-buffer, pH 7.4: 100.0 µmol/ml, Glucose-6-phosphate: 5.0 µmol/ml.
RANGE FINDING
A range finding test was carried out with strain TA 100 with and without metabolic activation at six concentrations of the test substance and one negative control according to a Standard Operating Procedure of Genetic Toxicology. The highest concentration applied was 5000 µg/plate. The five lower concentrations decreased by a factor of three. The plates were inverted and incubated for about 48 hours at 37± 1.5 °C in darkness. Thereafter, they were evaluated by counting the colonies and determining the background lawn. One plate per test substance concentration and negative control was used. - Evaluation criteria:
- The test substance will be considered to be positive in the test system if the following condition is met: at least a reproducible meaningful increase of the mean number of revertants per plate above that of the negative control at any concentration for one or more of the strains tested.
Generally, a concentration-related effect should be demonstrable. - Statistics:
- A statistical analysis of the test data was not performed. At present the use of statistical methods concerning this particular test system is not generally recommended.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- slight toxic effect
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- In the first experiments performed with and without metabolic activation, treatment of strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with test item did not lead to an increase in the incidence of histidine-prototrophic mutants in comparison with the negative control.
In the second experiments performed with and without metabolic activation, again after treatment of strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with test item, no increase in the incidence of histidine-prototrophic mutants was observed in comparison with the negative control.
In the mutagenicity tests normal background growth was observed with all strains at all concentrations. The numbers of revertant colonies were occasionally slightly reduced at the highest concentration of 5000 µg/plate. The test substance exerted a slight toxic effect on the growth of the bacteria.
There were no known circumstances or occurrences in this study that were considered to have affected the quality or integrity of the test data.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of colony counts obtained in 75 separate experiments over the period of January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993 and acceptable ranges for mean colony counts of spontaneous revenants.
RANGE-FINDING TEST
Six concentrations of test item, ranging from 20.6 to 5000.0 µg/plate were tested with strain Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 to determine the highest concentration to be used in the mutagenicity assay. The experiments were performed with and without metabolic activation. Normal background growth was observed. The numbers of revertant colonies were not reduced. From the results obtained, the highest concentration suitable for the mutagenicity test was selected to be 5000.0 µg/plate with and 5000.0 µg/plate without metabolic activation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that the substance and its metabolites did not induce gene mutations in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium used.
- Executive summary:
Method
The substance was tested for mutagenic effects in histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The following strains of Salmonella typhimurium were used: TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537. The test was performed with and without the addition of rat-liver post mitochondrial supernatant (S9 fraction) as an extrinsic metabolic activation system. The compound was dissolved in bidistilled water and tested at five concentrations in the range of 61.7 to 5000.0 µg/plate in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system. In order to confirm the results, the experiments were repeated with and without metabolic activation at five concentrations in the range of 61.7 to 5000.0 µg/plate. Each strain was additionally tested in the presence and in the absence of a metabolic activation system with a suitable, known mutagen as positive control.
Results
In both experiments, performed with and without metabolic activation, none of the tested concentrations led to an increase in the incidence of histidine-prototrophic mutants by comparison with the negative control.
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