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EC number: 200-070-4 | CAS number: 50-89-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-A (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Die-Away Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd.
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Thymidine
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: A mixed population of sewage treatment micro-organisms was obtained on 26 March 2012 from the aeration stage of the Severn Trent Water PIc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
The sample of activated sewage sludge was maintained on continuous aeration upon receipt. A sample of the activated sewage sludge was washed two times by settlement and resuspension in mineral medium to remove any excessive amounts of DOC that may have been present. A subsample of the washed sewage sludge was then removed and the suspended solids concentration determined.
This inoculum was used for preparation of the replicate inoculum control, procedure control and test item vessels and the single toxicity control vessel.
A further sub-sample of the washed sewage sludge (approximately 200 mL) was sterilized by autoclaving (120 °C, 15 minutes) in order to prevent any viable organisms surviving that may degrade the test item. The sterilized inoculum was used for preparation of the abiotic control and abiotic test vessels. Sodium azide was also added to the abiotic vessels in order to prevent any other viable micro-organisms surviving that may degrade the test item. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 40 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The mineral medium used in this study was that recommended in the OECD Guidelines.
- Additional substrate: None
- Solubilising agent: None
- Test temperature: 21 to 23°C
- pH: 7.4
- pH adjusted: yes (if necessary)
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg suspended solids/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Other: Constantly shaken at 100 rpm
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2 liter glass conical flasks each containing 1 liter of solution
- Number of culture flasks/concentration:
a) An inoculum control, in duplicate, consisting of inoculated mineral medium.
b) The procedure control containing the reference item (sodium benzoate), in duplicate, in inoculated mineral medium to give a final test concentration of 20 mg carbon/L.
c) The test item, in duplicate, in inoculated mineral medium to give a final test concentration of 40 mg carbon/L.
d) The test item plus sodium benzoate, one replicate, in inoculated mineral medium to give a final test concentration of 60 mg carbon/L to act as a toxicity control.
e) An abiotic control, one replicate, consisting of mineral medium plus sterilized inoculum poisoned by the addition of 10 mL of a 10 g/L sodium azide solution.
f) The test item, one replicate, in mineral medium plus sterilized inoculum to give a final test concentration of 40 mg carbon/L poisoned by the addition of 10 mL of a 10 g/L sodium azide solution to act as an abiotic test vessel.
- Measuring equipment: Samples were analyzed for DOC using a Shimadzu TOC-V CPH TOC analyzer
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: No
- Test performed in open system: Yes
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Sampling on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21 and 28
- Sampling method: Samples (30 mL) were removed from all test vessels and filtered through 0.45 um Gelman Acrocap filters (approximately 5 mL discarded)
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes
- Toxicity control: Yes
- Abiotic sterile control: Yes
- Abiotic test: Yes
- Procedure control: Yes
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- The results obtained from the samples taken for DOC analysis from the preliminary investigational work indicated that the test item did not adsorb to filter matrices or to activated sewage sludge. Therefore, for the purpose of the test, the samples taken for DOC analysis were filtered to remove the suspended solids present without the loss of any test item.
- Test performance:
- The results of the degradation test are considered valid if in the same test the reference item attains 70 % degradation within 14 days.
The test item may be considered to be readily biodegradable if 70 % degradation is attained within 28 days. This level of degradation must be reached within 10 days of biodegradation exceeding 10 %.
The test is considered valid if the difference of the extremes of replicate values of the removal of DOC at the time the plateau is reached, at the end of the test, or at the end of the 10-Day window is less than 20 %.
The toxicity control should attain 35 % degradation by day 14 for the test item to be considered as non-inhibitory.
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 97
- Sampling time:
- 9 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 99
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- DOC values for the test item, procedure control, toxicity control, abiotic test and inoculum control vessels are shown in table 1 (see below). Percentage degradation values are shown in table 2.
The test item attained 99% degradation after 28 days and in the abiotic test vessel a 19 % loss in dissolved organic carbon was attained after 28 days.
The test item still attained the 10-Day window criterion, whereby 70 % degradation must be attained within 10 days of the degradation rate exceeding 10 %. The test item can therefore be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline 301-A.
The toxicity control (test item plus sodium benzoate) attained 98 % degradation after 14 days and 99 % degradation after 28 days thereby confirming that the test item was not toxic to the sewage treatment micro-organisms at the test concentration employed in the study.
The reference item, sodium benzoate, attained 99 % degradation after 14 days and 100 % degradation after 28 days, thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and culture conditions.
The pH values did not fall below 7.9 in any test vessel after 28 days of the study. Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained at approximately 6.3 mg O2/L or above in all culture vessels.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation of the reference substance was 99 % after 9 days and 100 % after 28 days.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Values on Each Sampling Occasion as DOC (mg C/L)
Vessel | Day | ||||||||
0 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 14 | 21 | 28 | ||
Inoculum Control | R1 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.81 | 1.17 |
R2 | 0.56 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.73 | 0.8 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.89 | |
Mean | 0.6 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.8 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 1.03 | |
Procedure Control | R1 | 19.79 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 1.16 |
R2 | 19.34 | 0.21 | 0.53 | 1.2 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.87 | |
Mean | 19.57 | 0.2 | 0.52 | 1.15 | 0.86 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 1.02 | |
Test Item | R1 | 38.36 | 36.74 | 17.36 | 2.59 | 1.83 | 1.71 | 1.4 | 1.41 |
R2 | 37.44 | 35.75 | 16.75 | 2.55 | 1.65 | 1.61 | 1.57 | 1.35 | |
Mean | 37.9 | 36.25 | 17.06 | 2.57 | 1.74 | 1.66 | 1.49 | 1.38 | |
Toxicity Control | 57.58 | 36.96 | 4.76 | 3.56 | 2.24 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.73 | |
Abiotic Control | 3.72 | 3.66 | 3.68 | 3.16 | 2.55 | 2.21 | 1.95 | 2.35 | |
Abiotic Test | 40.19 | 40.03 | 40.74 | 38.28 | 33.7 | 32.69 | 30.22 | 31.87 |
Table 2: Percentage Degradation Values
Degradation (%)* | ||||
Day | Procedure Control | Test Item | Toxicity Control | Abiotic Test |
1 | 102 | 4 | 36 | 0 |
3 | 100 | 56 | 93 | 0 |
6 | 98 | 95 | 95 | 4 |
9 | 99 | 97 | 97 | 15 |
14 | 99 | 97 | 98 | 16 |
21 | 100 | 98 | 98 | 22 |
28 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 19 |
* Corrected for control levels of DOC
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item attained 99 % degradation after 28 days and in the abiotic test vessel a 19 % loss in dissolved organic carbon was attained after 28 days. The test item still attained the 10-day window criterion, whereby 70 % degradation must be attained within 10 days of the degradation rate exceeding 10 %. The test item can therefore be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline 301-A.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the ready biodegradability of the test item in an aerobic aqueous media following EU Method C.4-A, OECD Guideline 301-A (Assessment of Ready Biodegradability; DOC Die Away Test) and OPPTS Guideline 835.3110. The test item was exposed to activated sewage sludge micro-organisms at a concentration of 40 mg C/L with mineral medium in the dark at temperatures between 21 to 23 °C for 28 days. The degradation of the test item was assessed by the determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) removal. Control cultures with inoculum and the reference item, sodium benzoate, together with a toxicity control, abiotic control and abiotic test vessel were used for validation purposes. The test item attained 99 % degradation after 28 days and in the abiotic test vessel a 19 % loss in dissolved organic carbon was attained after 28 days. The test item still attained the 10 -day window criterion, whereby 70 % degradation must be attained within 10 days of the degradation rate exceeding 10 %. The test item can therefore be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline 301-A.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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