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EC number: 231-635-3 | CAS number: 7664-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM E729-80
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Not reported
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Concentration: 10.3 to 140.0 mg/L (appropriate dilution of stock solution (0.532 g of NH4Cl / 200 mL)
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- a)Source: A brood stock of Daphnia magna acclimated to Tettabawassee River water for approx. 9 weeks.
b)Feeding: During the acclimation daphnids were fed a diet of the green alga in the culture water (1.25mg dry wt/L). - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post-exposure observation
- Hardness:
- 220-240mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity; 175-185mg/L as CaCO3, conductivity; 380-440 micro-m hos/cm
- Test temperature:
- 19.5 to 20.5 degree C
- pH:
- 8.4-8.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- All greater than 90% saturation
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Not reported.
- Details on test conditions:
- a)Dilution Water Source: Pumped from the west side of the Tittabawassee River and passed through 250 or 500 micro-m filter.
b)Dilution Water Chemistry: hardness;220-240mg/L as CaCO3,alkalinity; 175-185mg/L as CaCO3, pH; 8.3-8.6, conductivity; 380-440 micro-m hos/cm - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 101 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: non-ionised ammonia
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI - 92.4 - 110 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 74 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: non-ionised ammonia
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 39.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: non-ionised ammonia
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substance
- Conclusions:
- The 48-h EC50 value (95% confidence interval) obtained was 101 (92.4-110) mg/L
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of ammonia was investigated in Daphnia magna. The 48 hour EC50 value for was determined to be 101 mg NH3/L (with 95% confidence limits of 92.4 -110 mg/l).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was not conducted according to GLP, however, it was conducted using a modified version of OECD guidelines. The test was conducted at a number of doses with proper controls. As such, the study is considered Klimisch 2.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Validation report of the full life-cycle test with the Harpacticoid copepods Nitocra spinipes and Amphiascus tenuiremis and the Calanoid copepod Acaria tonsa. (79 ENV/JM/MONO)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- data published
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Concentrations of ammonia were measured at test initiation.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Seawater for culturing and test was collected from Cronulla, NSW, Australia. Seawater was filtered through a 0.45 µm cartridge filter and stored at 4oC in the dark. Five to six concentrations of ammonia , at 1-30 mg/L measured, were used in the test along with a seawater control.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Acaria sinjensis
- Details on test organisms:
- Copepods (Acaria sinjensis) were originally obtained fromthe Queensland Department of Primary Industries Northern Fisheries Centre (NFC) Cairns, Queensland. Cultures were fed once a week with approximately 3 e7 cells of Isochrysis sp. and approximately 9e7 cells of proteomonas sulcata. Copepods used for testing were >10 days old.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- Not stated.
- Test temperature:
- 30oC
- pH:
- 7.5 - 8.2
- Salinity:
- Natural salt water.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations of ammonia ranged from 1-30 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- Lighting conditions during the test were light:dark ratio of 18:6 hours. The temperature was maintained at 30oC. Tests were carried out in quadruplicate in 20 mL glass scintillation vials, with five copepods per vial. Testing was conducted in 200 mL of culture water.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: standar error± 3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard error ± 6 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The 48 hour EC10 for mobility of Acaria sinjensis was found to be 5 mg/L (s.e.= ±3 mg/L). The 48 hour EC50 was found to be 10 mg/L (s.e.= ±6 mg/L).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not stated.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Data from tests were analysed using ToxCalc. The Trimmed Spearman-Karber method or Maximum Likelihood probit analysis was used to determine EC50 and EC10 values with 95% confidence limits.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 48 hour EC10 for mobility of Acaria sinjensis was found to be 5 mg NH3/L (s.e.= ±3 mg/L). The 48 hour EC50 was found to be 10 mg NH3/L (s.e.= ±6 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted on the marine copepod Acaria sinjiensis to assess the toxicity of ammonia over 48 -hours exposure in seawater. The test was conducted at measured concentrations of 1 -30 mg/L of ammonia. Lighting conditions during the test were light:dark ratio of 18:6 hours. The temperature was maintained at 30°C. Tests were carried out in quadruplicate in 20 mL glass scintillation vials, with five copepods per vial. Testing was conducted in 200 mL of culture water. The number of mobile copepods were in each vial was observed and recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
The 48 hour EC10 for mobility of Acaria sinjensis was found to be 5 mg/L (s.e ±3 mg/L). The 48 hour EC50 was found to be 10 mg/L (s.e.±6 mg/L).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of ammonia was investigated in Daphnia magna. The 48 hour LC50 value for was determined to be 101 mg/L.
The 48 hour EC10 for mobility of Acaria sinjensis (marine copepod) was found to be 5 mg/L (s.e ±3 mg/L). The 48 hour EC50 was found to be 10 mg/L (s.e.±6 mg/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 101 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 10 mg/L
Additional information
The key study for the acute toxicity for freshwater invertebrates investigated the acute toxicity of ammonia in Daphnia magna (Gersich & Hopkins 1986). The 48 hour LC50 value for was determined to be 101 mg NH3/L.
A supporting study with Daphnia magna resulted in 15.6 mg NH3/L. A further supporting study with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus resulted in 10d LC50 values of 0.455 to 1.2 mg NH3/L at total ammonia concentrations of 6.6 to 390 mg NH3/L (Schubauer-Bergan et al 1995). A further supporting study with the the midge Chironomus tentans resulted in 10d LC50 values of 0.72 to 13.8 mg NH3/L at total ammonia concentrations of 82.4 to 368 mg NH3/L (Schubauer-Bergan et al 1995).
For juvenile freshwater smails a 24 hour LC50 value of 392.94 mg diammonium sulfate/L was obtainded by Tchounwou et al. (1991a). This value corresponds to 101.4 mg NH3/L. IN a second publication Tchounwou et al. (1991b) reported a 24 hour LC50 value for juvenile snails of 526.44 mg diammonium sulfate/L corresponding to 135.8 mg NH3/L.
For marine copepods the 48 hour EC50 for mobility of Acaria sinjensis (marine copepod) was found to be 10 mg NH3/L.
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