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EC number: 265-196-4 | CAS number: 64742-93-4 A complex black solid obtained by blowing air through a heated residuum, or raffinate from a deasphalting process with or without a catalyst. The process is principally one of oxidative condensation which increases the molecular weight.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is considered reliable with restriction because it is a well conducted study published in scientific literature.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 64741-56-6
- Cas Number:
- 64741-56-6
- IUPAC Name:
- 64741-56-6
- Reference substance name:
- Vacuum Residue API 81-14
- IUPAC Name:
- Vacuum Residue API 81-14
- Test material form:
- other: semi-solid
- Details on test material:
- Test substance: Vacuum residue API sample 81-14
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cell line
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 fraction of Araclor-induced male mouse liver homogenate.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0.061 to 1000 nL/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: ethyl methane sulfonate (-S9) and dimethyl nitrosamine (+S9)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 hours
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2-3 days
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No data
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 3 x 10 + E6 cells
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: resistant (mutant) colonies - Evaluation criteria:
- The minimum condition necessary to demonstrate mutagenesis for any given treatment is a mutant frequency that exceeds 150% of the concurrent background frequency by at least 10 x 10-6. The background frequency is defined as the average mutant frequency of the solvent and untreated controls. The following test results must also be obtained:
1) A dose-related or toxicity-related increase must be observed. (Usually over three doses)
2) An increase in mutant frequency may be followed by only a small or no further increase at higher concentrations or toxicities.
3) If an increase of about two times the minimum criterion or greater is observed for a single dose near the highest testable concentration, the test material shall be considered mutagenic. - Statistics:
- The ratio of resistant colonies to total viable cell number was determined to be the mutant frequency.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- weakly mutagenic in presence of metabolic activation (+S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: other: L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cell line
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The sample was weakly mutagenic with metabolic activation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation weakly mutagenic in presence of S9
No evidence of mutagenic activity as observed in the absence of metabolic activation. However, weak activity was observed in the presence of metabolic activation.
Based on the results of the study, the test material (Vacuum Residue, API 81-14) is considered to be weakly mutagenic in the presence of metabolic activation in this mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. - Executive summary:
In a supporting mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay, the mutagenic potential of the test material (Vacuum Residue, API 81-14) was evaluated using L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (±S9). The test material was tested at concentrations of 0.061 to 1000 nL/mL in the presence and absence of S9 in an acetone vehicle Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used as positive control in the absence of metabolic activation (-S9) while dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) was used as positive control in the presence of metabolic activation (+S9).
No evidence of mutagenic activity as observed in the absence of metabolic activation. However, weak activity was observed in the presence of metabolic activation.
Based on the results of the study, the test material (Vacuum Residue, API 81-14) is considered to be weakly mutagenic in the presence of metabolic activation in this mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay.
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