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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 266-047-6 | CAS number: 65997-18-4 Frit is a mixture of inorganic chemical substances produced by rapidly quenching a molten, complex combination of materials, confining the chemical substances thus manufactured as nonmigratory components of glassy solid flakes or granules. This category includes all of the chemical substances specified below when they are intentionally manufactured in the production of frit. The primary members of this category are oxides of some or all of the elements listed below. Fluorides of these elements may also be included in combination with these primary substances.@Aluminum@Manganese@Antimony@Molybdenum@Arsenic@Neodymium@Barium@Nickel@Bismuth@Niobium@Boron@Phosphorus@Cadmium@Potassium@Calcium@Silicon@Cerium@Silver@Chromium@Sodium@Cobalt@Strontium@Copper@Tin@Gold@Titanium@Iron@Tungsten@Lanthanum@Vanadium@Lead@Zinc@Lithium@Zirconium@Magnesium
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No information on test method (although it appears to be similar to OECD TG 403), experimental study published in the peer review literature. Limitations in design and /or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The full materials and methods are not provided so we assumed that deviations occurred either in implementation and or reporting.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of five animals were randomly divided into each dose. The animals were exposed for 4 hours and were monitored for 14 days twice daily.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): V2O5 Technical grade, powder
- The material was provided by Gesellschaft fur Elecktrometallurgie GmbH (Nurnberg, Germany)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Lippische Versuchstierzucht Hagemann GmbH, Exterttal, Germany)
- Age at study initiation: No data
- Weight at study initiation: 250 g to 290 g
- Fasting period before study: 16 hours
- Housing: No data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): standard rat diet ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- None provided
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Dynamic inhalation apparatus with nose only exposure of the animals and the apparatus consisted of a cylindrical exposure chamber which holds a maximum of 20 animals in pyrex tubes at the edge of the chamber in a radial position.
- Exposure chamber volume: 40 litres
- Source and rate of air: Compressed air from a compressor
- Method of conditioning air:
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A dust generator and dosing apparatus was used. The generator used compressed air from a compressor and air was sucked from the bottom of the chamber at a similar rate as the generator. Air flow meters were used to control the supply of air and vacuum. Flow rates were checked at least once an hour and corrected if necessary.
- Method of particle size determination: Particle size distribution analysis was carried out twice during the exposure period using a cascade impactor. Dust from the exposure chamber was sucked for 1.5 to 5 minutes at a rate of 5 L/min through the cascade impactor. The slides were covered with adhesive tape, removed from the impactor, weighed and the mass median aerodynamic diameter estimated using the Litchfield and Wilcoxon non-linear regression analysis.
- Treatment of exhaust air: No data
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: No data
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Dust concentration was measured with an air sample filter (Sartorius Minsart SM 17598)
- Samples were taken twice (first half and secon half exposure)
- Filters were placed close to the animals' nose and sucked through with a constant flow of air of 100 L/hour for 1 to 3 minutes.
- The filters were weighed before and after sampling and the concentration of the substance calculated in mg/L
VEHICLE
- Compressed air - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dust was collected from the chambers and anlysed.
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 rats per sex and dose
- Control animals:
- other: There isno data provided
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: immediately, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 3h, 6h, and 24h after administration. Then twice daily for a period of 14 days.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes- All gross pathological changes were recorded and macroscopic inspection.
- No other information is provided in the publication. - Statistics:
- The mass median aerodynamic diameter estimated using the Litchfield and Wilcoxon non-linear regression analysis.
The LD50 was calculated according to Finney.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- No data
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 4.4 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 95% CL were not provided in the publication.
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEC
- Effect level:
- 1.62 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 95% CL were not provided in the publication.
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 2.2 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 95% CL were not provided in the publication.
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEC
- Effect level:
- 1.11 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 95% CL were not provided in the publication.
- Mortality:
- According to the paper animals died up to 8 days after inhalation exposures. However, no live/dead ratios were provided.
- Clinical signs:
- other: There were no clinical signs reported although in the materials and method of the paper it clearly states the scheduled clinical evaluations.
- Body weight:
- The paper indicates that body weights were recorded before the administration of the substance and at weekly intervals up to the end of the study. However this information is not presented.
- Gross pathology:
- Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed haemorrhage, vascular congestion and oedema in the lungs and bronchopneumonia. The paper identifies a “no-effect level” of 1.11 and 1.62 mg/l for females and males respectively, so presumably these lung effects were seen at higher concentrations only.
- Other findings:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- harmful
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The results of the inhalation toxicity study with V2O5 indicate that according to the Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulations (EC 1272/2008) V2O5 would be classified as 'harmful' via the inhalation route.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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