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EC number: 215-710-8 | CAS number: 1344-95-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
1. General conclusion
Due to its physico-chemical properties, inhalation of dust of synthetic amorphous calcium silicate (CS) may be of importance for human health. CS is closely related to silica, as SiO2 forms the parent material of silicates.
Therefore, it is assumed that the physico-chemical properties of synthetic amorphous CS are largely represented by those of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Hence, it is reasonable to draw conclusions about key issues arising from potential inhalation by read-across and (quantitative) structure-analogy relationship (QSAR). This also implies that the particle size and morphology rather than the particle composition of the synthetic amorphous calcium silicate are assumed to be the determinant of tissue responses in the lung.
Note: In accordance with the OECD SIDS1synthetic amorphous silicate and silica are classified as a class of substances with low priority for further work, because the exposure to humans to respirable dust is anticipated to be low.
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Reference:
1UNEP Publications 2004: OECD SIDS, Synthetic amorphous silica and silicates, SIAM 19 [http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/Silicates.pdf]
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2. Particle properties and relevance for specific hazards
Due to limited data about particle properties of calcium silicate itself, the data of SAS as structure-analogous substance are used.
Toxicological inhalation studies were performed by using a homogeneous atmosphere of silica dust with MMAD of approx. 3 µm which - compared to particle size distributions of bulk material - only represents 1% of the material. As a consequence the inflammatory response in the lung will be determined by particle size and morphology rather than by particle composition. Under comparable testing conditions, we expect that synthetic amorphous calcium silicate shows the same behaviour.
The respirable fractions of the experimental SAS* aerosols that consisted of particles with aerodynamic diameters of =< 5 µm represented >= 50 wt%, those consisting of particles with aerodynamic diameters of =< 10 µm represented > 80 wt%.
In the commercial products, that fraction of particles in the whole-size range of air-borne particles according to EN/DIN 481 that is potentially able to reach the thoracic and alveolar site is below 1 vol% (= wt%) (see 4.5: Stintz 2003). Free settling SAS tends to form aggregates and agglomerates in a size range of > 100 μm which are not respirable or even not inhalable.
This means that in experimental studies due to the high shear forces applied, the toxicologically relevant particle fraction is assumed to be at least at a factor of 50 higher than under workplace conditions.
A comparative overview of measured particle-size distributions obtained under either condition is presented in the tables below:
Particle size profile under normal use conditions (low shear force)
Test material |
SAS*type |
MMAD [µm] |
Respirable fraction [wt%] |
Chapter IUC5 / Doc-name |
Reference |
Cab-O-Sil M5 |
amorphous, pyrogenic, CAS-No. 112945-52-5 |
615 |
=< 1.0 |
4.5 / READACROSS_Stintz 2003(1)_CabM5_Particle_LaserD |
Stintz 2003 |
Syloid 74 |
amorphous, silica gel, CAS-No. 112926-00-8 |
480 |
< 0.05 |
4.5 / READACROSS_Stintz 2003(2)_Syloid74_Particle_LaserD |
Stintz 2003 |
Zeosil 45 |
amorphous, precipitated, CAS-No. 112926-00-8 |
211 |
=< 1.0 |
4.5 / READACROSS_Stintz 2003(3)_Zeosil45_Particle_LaserD |
Stintz 2003 |
Particle size profiles under experimental inhalation conditions (high shear force)
Test material |
SAS*type |
MMAD / GSD* [µm] |
Respirable fraction [wt%] |
Chapter IUC5 / Doc-name |
Reference |
Microcal ET |
amorphous, calcium silicate, |
8 - 9 |
~60 |
4.5 / PQ Corp 2009_ CS_particle,key,RL1 |
PQ Corp. 2009 |
Shieldex AC-5 |
amorphous, calcium silicate, |
~4 |
~90 |
4.5 / Grace 2009_ CS_particle,RL1 |
Grace 2009 |
Sipernat 880 |
amorphous, calcium silicate, |
10 - 11 |
~50 |
4.5 / Evonik 2007_ CS_particle,RL2 |
Evonik Degussa 2007 |
Sipernat 22 S |
amorphous, precipitated, CAS-No. 112926-00-8 |
~0.6 |
~65 (=< 6 µm) |
7.2.2 / READACROSS_Degussa 83-0062-DGT_Sip22S_ inhal,rat,RL2 |
Appelman and Reuzel/ TNO 1983 |
Cab-O-Sil M5 |
amorphous, pyrogenic, CAS-No. 112945-52-5 |
1.2 – 1.3 and 2.2 – 3.5 (depending on the technical device) |
No data |
7.5.3 / READACROSS_ ASASP2003_CABM5, inhal, 5 d,rat,RL1 |
Arts, Muijser, Kuper and Junker/ TNO 2003 |
Zeosil 45 |
amorphous, precipitated, CAS-No. 112926-00-8 |
2.8 – 3.2 |
No data |
7.5.3 / READACROSS_ ASASP2003_ZEO45,inhal, 5 d,rat,RL1 |
Arts, Muijser, Kuper and Junker/ TNO 2003 |
Syloid 74 |
amorphous, silica gel, CAS-No.: 112926-00-8 |
1.6 – 1.7 |
No data |
7.5.3 / READACROSS_ ASASP2003_SYL74,inhal, 5 d,rat,RL1 |
Arts, Muijser, Kuper and Junker/ TNO 2003 |
*SAS = synthetic amorphous silica/silicate; GSD = geometric standard deviation
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