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EC number: 214-185-2 | CAS number: 1111-78-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data from handbook or collection of Data (peer reviewed, OECD SIDS)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Salicylate intoxication and congenital anomalies.
- Author:
- Goldman, A.S. and Yakovac, W.C.
- Year:
- 1 964
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch. Environ. Health. 8, 648-656 (1964), cited in: OECD SIDS Ammonium Chloride, Final 8/2006
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test substance is administered as a single dose to a group of 10 pregnant experimental Sprague Dawley rats for 4 days of pregnancy (from day 7-10) covering part of the period of organogenesis. Shortly before the expected date of delivery, the mother is sacrificed, the uterus removed, and the contents examined for embryonic or foetal deaths, and live foetuses.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonium chloride
- EC Number:
- 235-186-4
- EC Name:
- Ammonium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 12125-02-9
- Molecular formula:
- ClH4N
- IUPAC Name:
- ammonium chloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ammonium chloride
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS: no data
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: no data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on mating procedure:
- no data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- day 7 - 10 of gestation (4 days)
- Frequency of treatment:
- once a day
- Duration of test:
- 20 days
Doses / concentrations
- Dose / conc.:
- 8.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- 1/6M, 1 ml/kg b.w. (equivalent to 8.9 mg/kg bw/day)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 female animals
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- Maternal death was inspected.
- Fetal examinations:
- The foetuses were examined grossly after delivery by cesarean section on day 20. Resorptions (early, late), number of conceptions, anomalous live young, growth-weight and height was inspected.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:yes
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Acidosis was reported in the maternal animals treated with the test substance
Control /NH4Cl /Na salicylate (500mg/kg)
Maternal death(%): 0 /0 /0
No.of conceptions: 136 /122 /288
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- < 8.9 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal toxicity
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Control /NH4Cl /Na salicylate(500mg/kg)
Resorption-early(%): 6 /15 /15
Resorption-late(%) : 0 /1 /11
Anomalous live young(%): 0 /0 /14
Growth weight(g): 3.2 /2.0 /2.0
Growth height(mm):38 /27 /27
The effects of this substance on foetal survival and growth were considered a consequence of maternal acidosis by the authors. They argued that "The amount of 2.5 mEq/24 hours ammonium chloride consumed by pregnant rat in the study is sufficient to cause metabolic acidosis rats weighing between 250 and 300 g. Although, no statistical and/or background data were shown, it is agreeable. No foetus with malformations was observed in this substance-treated group. This substance has no teratogenicity at this dose level.
Effect levels (fetuses)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- < 8.9 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: fetotoxicity
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The authors regarded the decrements in foetuses length and weight as meaningfull findings, but considered them a corollary of maternal effects. The author referred to these effects as "the inhibition of growth by a metabolic acidosis".
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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